Norms in Human Development人类成长过程中的行为规范

2006-8  

Cambridge Univ Pr  

Smith, Leslie (EDT)/ Voneche, Jacques (EDT)  

293  

The distinction between norms and facts is long-standing in providing a challenge for psychology. Norms exist as directives, commands, rules, customs and ideals, playing a constitutive role in human action and thought. Norms lay down 'what has to be' (the necessary, possible, or impossible) and 'what has to be done' (the obligatory, the permitted or the forbidden), and so go beyond the 'is' of causality. During two millennia, norms made an essential contribution to accounts of the mind yet the twentieth century witnessed an abrupt change in the science of psychology where norms were typically either excluded altogether or reduced to causes. The central argument in this book is twofold. Firstly, the approach in twentieth-century psychology is flawed. Secondly, norms operating interdependently with causes can be investigated empirically and theoretically in cognition, culture and morality. Human development is a norm-laden process.

Leslie Smith is Professor Emeritus, Lancaster University and is currently based in the Lake District as a freelance researcher.

List of figuresList of tablesList of contributorsAckmowledgments1. Norms in human development: introduction Leslie SmithPartⅠ. Norms and Development in Epistemology　2. The implicit normativity of developmental psychology　3. Developmental normativity and normative development　4. Genetic epistemology: naturalistic epistemology vs. normative epistemology 　5. Norms and normative facts in human developmentPartⅡ. Norms in Moral and Social Development　6. Contextualizing moral judgment: challenges of interrelating the normative (ought judgments) and the descriptive (knowledge of facts), the cognitive and the affective　7. Socio-moral reasoning, moral emotions and moral self in cultural context 　8. The multiplicity of social norms: the case for psychological constructivism and social epistemologiesPart Ⅲ. Norms in Cognitive Development　9. Normative issues in psychometrics Peter C. M. Molenaar　10. Norms and intuitions in the assessment of chance Vittorio Girotto and 　11. Making conditional inferences: the interplay between knowledge and logic ReferencesIndex

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