天气简明指南 A Concise Guide to Weather

2007-1  

Parragon  

本社 编  

254  

　　The weather affects each and every one of　us, ew, ry (lay. A bright, sunny morning can　lift our mood; a dark and gloomy day can　dampen our spirits. The weather even aflbcts our　health, hence the expression 'Under the weather.' In　some circumstances the weather has an even bigger　impact on the world entire species have come into　being or become extinct and economies have　crashed just because of a change in temperature of a　few degrees, or a variation in the amount of rainthll.　　Being able to predict the weather is not just a　matter of onvenience, in the long term our very　future may depend on it. Understanding why　seasonal conditions can vary so much fi'om one year　to the next can help us to see exactly how our way　of life is affccting the delicate global systems around　us. In the shorter term, we need to know how　hurricanes arise and where tornadoes come from,　for instance, so we can foresee when they might　occur and minimize their potential to cause damage.

IntroductionWeather and Climates　Weather　Climate　Tropical Climates　Subtropical Climates　Desert Reoions　Temperate Grasslands　Mediterranean Climates　Temperate Climates　Subarctic Climates　Polar ClimatesThe Atmosphere: Global Patterns　The Causes of Weather　The Sun　The Seasons　Solstice and Equinox　The Earth as a System　The Energy Cycle　Atmosphere　Atmospheric Layers　The Trade Winds　The Coriolis Effect　The Jet Stream　Air Masses　Air Pressure　Pressure Systems　High Pressure　High Pressure Conditions　Low Pressure　Depressions　Low Pressure Conditions　Fronts　Ty　pes of Fronts　Sea and Land Breezes　Monsoon Winds　Water　The Hydrosphere　The Water Cycle　Humidity　Dew and Frost　Cloud Formation　Cloud Types　High-Altitude Clouds　Medium-Altitude Clouds　Low Altitude Clouds　Lenticular Clouds　Mother of Pearl or　Nacreous Clouds　Noctilucent Clouds　Mountain Wave　Contrails and Distrails　Fog　Types of Fog　Precipitation　Rain　Snow　Snowflakes　How Hail is Formed　Hailstone Damage　HailstonesThe Atmosphere:Local Patterns Weather ExtremesUnusual Weather OpticalsHistory and CultureModern Weather ForecastingHarnessing the Weather Past ClimatesFutrre ClimatesWeather Records

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