英汉请求策略理论与实证对比研究
2007-10
高等教育
刘国辉
289
《英汉请求策略理论与实证对比研究：礼貌语用学视野》试图通过对跨文化语用学、语际语用学、社交语用学、对比语用学、言语行为理论，尤其是礼貌语用学理论的考察，在对美国人和中国人请求策略问卷调查的基础之上，运用对比手段来描述和解释英汉两种语言在运用此策略方面的相同性和差异性。这样，我们方可对礼貌语用概念有一个较好的理解和认知。
AcknowledgementsAbbreviations & SymbolsTables & FiguresContentsChapter 1 Introduction1.1 Orientation of the Title1.2 Motivations of the Present Study1.3 The Concept and Criteria of Requests1.4 Intonation of Speech Acts1.5 The Nature of the Present Study1.6 Propositional Opacity of Requests1.7 Methods1.8 The Aims and Hypotheses of the Present Study1.9 Layout and Scope of the Present Study1.10 SummaryChapter 2 Theoretical Background to the Contrastive Study of Requests in English and Chinese2.1 Introduction2.2 Pragmatics： Language Use in Contexts2.3 Cross-cultural Pragmatics2.4 Sociopragmatics2.5 Interlanguage Pragmatics2.6 Metapragmatics2.7 Interpersonal Relationship Studies2.8 Linguistic Strategies2.9 Speech Act Theories2.10 Direct and Indirect Speech Acts2.11 Direct & Indirect Speech Acts and Politeness2.12 Empirically-based Cognitive Model of Speech Acts2.13 Request Classification and Request Strategies2.13.1 Request Classification2.13.2 Formal Means of Requests2.13.3 Structural Components of Requests2.13.4 Request Strategy： a Functional Perspective2.13.5 Modifications of Requests2.13.5.1 Internal Modifications2.13.5.2 External Modifications2.14 Politeness Theories2.15 Politeness of Requests2.16 Literature Review of Request Studies by Chinese Scholars2.17 SummaryChapter 3 Request Data Collection： Design and Methodology3.1 Introduction3.2 Examples of Requests in English and Chinese in the Actual Discourse3.3 Subjects and Procedure3.4 The Questionnaire3.4.1 The Discourse Completion Test3.4.2 Modifications of the DCT for the Present Study3.5 SummaryChapter 4 Analysis and Discussion of the Results4.1 Introduction4.2 Request Forms in English and Chinese4.2.1 Similarities4.2.2 Differences4.3 Situational Variations and Situational Sets in the Use of Strategies4.3.1 Situational Variations in the Use of Strategies4.3.1.1 The AM Group4.3.1.2 The IL Group4.3.1.3 The CHN Group4.3.2 Distribution of Main Request Strategy Categories in the Six Situation Sets4.3.3 Cross-cultural Differences in the Interaction4.3.4 Summary4.4 Major Variables in the Use of Request Strategy4.4.1 Social Distance and Dominance4.4.1.1 Social Distance4.4.1.2 Dominance4.4.2 Controllability of Acts4.4.2.1 High Controllability4.4.2.2 Low Controllability4.4.3 Age4.4.3.1 The Same Age4.4.3.2 The Younger to the Older4.4.3.3 The Older to the Younger4.4.3.4 Summary4.4.4 Sex4.4.4.1 The AM Group4.4.4.2 The IL Group4.4.4.3 The CHN Group4.4.4.4 Summary4.5 Modifications of Requests4.5.1 The AM Group4.5.2 The IL Group4.5.3 The CHN Group4.5.4 Summary4.6 Pre-modification of Requests4.6.1 The AM Group4.6.2 The IL Group4.6.3 The CHN Group4.6.4 Summary4.7 Tokens Used in the Requests among the Three Groups4.7.1 The AM Group4.7.2 The IL Group4.7.3 The CHN Group4.7.4 Summary4.8 Request Perspectives4.8.1 Introduction4.8.2 In Situation （-SD， X=Y）4.8.3 In Situation （-SD， X 4.8.4 In Situation （+SD， X>Y）4.8.5 Summary4.9 Initiating Markers of Requests4.9.1 Address Form4.9.2 "Excuse me" and "Sorry" .4.9.3 The Typical Request Markers "Please" and "ii~" 4.9.3.1 The AM Group4.9.3.2 The IL Group4.9.3.3 The CHN Group4.9.3.4 Summary4.10 Other Inferring Strategies Used in the Requesting Action4.11 Special Strategies of Requests ~ A Metonymic Approach4.12 The Disease to Please4.13 Tentative Analyses of the Common Features of Request Production4.14 Responses to Requests4.14.1 Introduction4.14.2 The AM Group4.14.3 The IL Group4.14.4 The CHN Group4.14.5 Summary4.14.6 Social Distance， Dominance and Sex in the Responses4.14.6.1 Social Distance4.14.6.2 Dominance4.14.6.3 Sex4.15 Tentative Analyses of the Common Features of Request Responses4.16 From Requests to Apologies4.17 SummaryChapter 5 Conclusions5.1 Introduction5.2 Major Findings5.3 Tentative Analyses from the Cultural Perspective5.4 Chinese Politeness from Responding to Compliments5.5 Pragmatic Tact in Language Use ：5.6 Cross-cultural Pragmatic Failure and Pragmatic Competence Development in the ForeignLanguage Teaching5.6.1 Cross-cultural Pragmatic Failure5.6.2 Pragmatic Competence and its Teachability5.7 Speculations about the Weaknesses of this Study5.7.1 The C-constituting Model of Communication5.7.2 Nonverbal Language5.7.3 Sequences of Speech Acts5.7.4 Suggested Future Research Dimensions5.8 ConclusionsAppendix Ⅰ： A Glossary in English and ChineseAppendix Ⅱ： Questionnaire of requests （the English version）Appendix Ⅲ： Questionnaire of requests （the Chinese version）Appendix Ⅳ： Idiomatic Expressions of Requests in EnglishAppendix Ⅴ： Idiomatic Expressions of Requests in ChineseAppendix Ⅵ： Dr. Braiker's 21 Day Action Plan to Cure People-Pleasing DiseaseBibliography
《英汉请求策略理论与实证对比研究：礼貌语用学视野》是国内这个领域中较为系统而全面的探讨，对外语教学、翻译、涉外公关、跨文化交际等都有较强的理论和实践指导意义，可以作为英语、汉语语言学专业和其他专业的语言爱好者学习和参阅之用。
