刘兆义英语指导·年度高考·大纲2011
2010-7
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俗人鲁牛，年近半百，原籍江浙，弱冠之后常年栖身北京。自幼景慕鲁迅先生的风范文章，欣赏先生“襟怀孺子牛”的气度和胸怀，故以“鲁牛”为笔名。近三十年来，鲁牛长期从事中小学课程、教材的研究和编写，其间亲身经历并参与了三次大的教育课程改革，早年时有署名“鲁牛”的学术文章，论述散见各种报端、杂志，与业内同行唱和研讨。鲁牛更习惯沉寂，他一直满足自己平淡的无奇的生活，默默干好分内的工作，拿着一份该得的报酬。只在三两友人酒酣耳热之际，鲁牛才偶尔表现他“狂人”的一面，针对教育改革、高考利弊等热门话题屡有惊人之语。但酒醒人散，鲁牛又继续回归自己眼看手、手握笔的编辑斗室，虽然也主持编写过一教辅读物，但始终甚少涉足高考领域。直至三上前，鲁牛爱女步入高三，即将迎来决定命运的人牛大考。为助女儿一臂之力，向来散漫的鲁牛振作精神，出入京城各大书城，希望从浩瀚的书海中选择一两种适用的高考教辅，但很快发现这实在是件困难的事情。无奈之下.鲁牛只得从繁忙事务中抽身出来.亲历亲为，终助爱女考入京城学子梦寐以求的著名学府。得暇回顾，鲁牛对所经眼的坊问高考教辅反思良多、感慨良多。此类读物，不乏名人、名师、名校署名，但大多为挂名应景之作；少有阳春白雪者，但曲高和寡；亦有沿用题海战术者，徒增学子负担；更有粗制滥造、任意拼凑者，稍一翻检则错误百出、误人非浅。 可以说，现今的高考教辅已经“花样百出”、“筋斗翻尽”。外观装饰华美奢侈，堪比时尚杂志；书名语不惊人死不休，“宝典”、“秘笈”、“兵法”层出不穷；书中的栏目设计更是繁复琐细，为读懂它足够再编写一册“使用说明”……，似乎一书在手，胜券在.握。鲁牛一言以蔽之：机关算尽，却独忘“教辅”之本意，尽弃“实用”之真谛！ 鲁牛无意菲薄名师和学者，他们志存高远，对高考教辅这类“逐利之书”缺乏兴趣和热情。但教辅图书自有其应遵循的规律和门径。鲁牛自叹，其实高考教辅并不需要编得那么厚，也无须搞大量的题海战术，更不是曲高和寡的挂名应景之作。高考教辅，就是以应试得分为目标，折射的是编写者的学识、经验和心血。鲁牛之见，得到圈内志同道合者的响应，遂萌生念头，大家何不“牛刀小试”，在高考领域留下些许足迹？一干人等，常常利用工闲课余，相约晤谈。京城又多了一个小团体，即以鲁牛为核心的这个“678高考沙龙”。
全新——这是一套用全新理念打造的高考实用教辅。它以《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》为依据，以高考应试为目标，以解题得分为核心，回归教辅之本意，是一本颠覆传统的备考用书。 权威——由“678高考沙龙”与北京四中高考把关教师倾力合作，由著名高考研究专家、“金牌”教练苗金利领衔主笔。 实用——传授“复习备考策略，应试得分之道”，重在思路和方法，尤以揭示解题的“题眼”为最大特色。《年度高考：刘兆义英语指导（2011大纲版）》对文理科考生均适用。
第一篇 阅读理解第一节 理解主旨要义和推断生词词义第二节 理解文中具体信息二一细节第三节 作出推理判断和理解作者的意图、观点与态度第四节 阅读新题型阅读理解模拟训练第二篇 写作第一节 书面表达第二节 短文改错第三节 写作新题型范文欣赏与背诵第三篇 语言知识运用第一节 完形填空第二节 单项填空第三节 语言知识运用新题型第四篇 听力第一节 听力理解第二节 听力新题型第五篇 模拟试题模拟训练一模拟训练二答案及解析
Domestic (驯养的) horses now pull ploughs, race in the Kentucky Derby, and carry police. But early horses weren't tame (驯服的) enough to perform these kinds of tasks. Scientists think the first interactions humans had with horses were far different from those today. Thousands of years ago, people killed the wild horses that lived around them for food. Over time, people began to catch the animals and raise them. This was the first step in domestication. As people began to tame and ride horses, they chose to keep those animals that had more desirable characteristics. For example, people may have chosen to keep horses that had a gentle personality so they could be ridden more easily. People who used horses to pull heavy loads would have chosen to keep stronger animals. Characteristics like strength are partly controlled by the animals' genes. So as the domesticated horses reproduced, they passed the characteristics on to their young. Each new generation of horses would show more of these chosen characteristics. Modem day horse breeds come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes. This variety didn't exist in the horse population before domestication. The Shetland horse is one of the smallest breeds —— typically reaching only one meter tall. With short, strong legs, the animals were bred to pull coal out of mine shafts (矿井) with low ceilings. Huge horses like the Clydesdale came on the scene around 1700. People bred these heavy, tall horses to pull large vehicles used for carrying heavy loads. ……
其实高考教辅并不需要编得那么厚，也无须搞大量的题海战术，更不是曲高和寡的挂名应景之作。高考教辅，就是以应试得分为目标，折射的是编写者的学识、经验和心血……
