龙现中国
2006-6
宋建忠 山西人民出版社 (2006-06出版)
宋建忠
121
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陶寺，山西省襄汾县一个极为普通的村落。4000年来，这里的人们过着平凡而宁静的生活。他们从不知道在这块黄土地下竟然掩埋着一个曾经无比强大、无比辉煌的王国，更无法想象这里就是中国最早的都城。然而，20世纪70～80年代和21世纪在陶寺进行的两次考古发掘，震惊了世界。于是，众人将目光聚焦在这里，注视着考古学家手铲下的每一个发现，探寻着这个消逝于4000年前的神秘王国
探寻远古的踪迹黄河岸边的远祖汾水之畔丁村人扣儿女玫瑰部族的扩张陶寺王国的再现陶寺王国的发现之旅中国史前第一城世界上最早的观象台显赫的史前王陵华夏中国龙陶寺王国的瑰宝铿锵的鼓乐会唱歌的石头古老的铃、埙神秘的瑞玉典雅的漆木器陶寺王国的生活民以食为天多样的生活用具亘古不变的水井生态节能型住房陶寺王国的秩序疆域和人口社会的分层资源的控制礼乐制度之滥觞永远的陶寺王国的兴起王国的消亡珍贵的文字唐尧与陶寺华夏文明之根
插图：较大规模的发掘，陶寺遗址出土了极其丰富的文化遗存，特别是文字、城址、宫殿区、王陵、铜器、陶礼器、观象台等等，堪称我国迄今为止最典型、最全面的发现。从聚落形态的角度来看，高规格的宫殿建筑、宗教建筑和与天文历法有关的建筑设施，应当是“王都”级聚落所具有的标志性的建筑。显然，陶寺已具备了早期文明化社会所具备的一些基本要素，应该说它是目前我国所发现的规模最大、显现文明化程度最高的史前聚落。这不仅是中华民族有悠久历史和灿烂文明的有力证明，而且表明陶寺已初步具备了堪称“国家”的四大要素，即文7-、城市、礼仪和金属的使用。具体来讲，这些标志文明程度的要素从不同角度显现出陶寺社会已出现了凌驾于社会之上的国家机器。陶寺城址规模宏大，建筑结构复杂，营造技术和施工手段先进，说明其社会组织已拥有了高度的管理结构和政治权力。由于农业生产能够为社会提供较多的剩余产品，使得畜牧业有了较大的发展。通过对遗：lxl：中出土的猪骨进行测试，发现其食谱中C4植物量较多，说明人工饲养时可能喂食了小米或谷糠。农业的发展也为手工业的专门化创造了条件，陶器制造业和铜器铸造业蓬勃发展。较为成熟的铜器铸造，涉及采矿、冶炼、制范、铸铜等多道工序。
《龙现中国-陶寺考古与华夏文明之根》是由山西人民出版社出版的。In the year 1978, in order to search for the traces of ancients living in Xia Dynasty （2070BC-1600BC）, archeologists embarked on a 6-year-long journey to excavate and explore the Taosi site at Xiangfen County of Shanxi Province. During the course of excavation, constantly heard were reports on fabulous discoveries of rare treasures out of the tombs one after another. The whole archeological team was bubbling over with ecstasy, the whole academia was dumbfounded with excitement. So large in scale were the big tombs and so rarely found were the unearthed treasures that it goes without saying that the buriers in the tombs were far more than ordinary people and the land where they rested was likewise far more than an ordinary place.In the year 2000,archeologists launched a second excavation of the Taosi site in order to explore the origin of the Chinese civilization and how the early kingdoms came into being. Since then till now, the work has been going on for another 6 years, which has witnessed many significant discoveries, including the unparalleled large city site, the big tombs of the nobility, the earliest observatory and the like. One ShOCKing fact in particular is the city site covering an area of up to 2,800,000 square metres, which is equal in size to the total of four Forbidden Cities. Naturally it has become the largest of the prehistoric city sites existent in China at present.
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