考博英语阅读理解、翻译与写作高分突破
1970-1
中国人民大学出版社
博士研究生入学英语考试命题研究组
410
633000
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目前，我国博士生英语入学考试采取的是各招生院校自行命题、自行组织考试的办法，各个院校的考试重点、命题特点都有相当大的不同。国内没有统一的考试大纲，这主要是由于国内没有对博士生入学英语考试采取统考形式。从整体上看，各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听说能力。国际化人才首先要具备良好的外语水平，包括听、说、读、写、译的综合能力。 教育部《硕士、博士学位研究生英语教学大纲》提出，博士生入学考试的3门课程之一——博士生英语入学考试的理论指导标准是：“博士生入学时，其英语水平原则上应达到或略高于硕士生的水平”；应具有“熟练的阅读能力”、“较好的写作能力”和“一定的听说能力”。博士生英语入学考试很大程度上是一种水平测试，很多考生能用英语进行流利的交流，但在博士生入学考试中外语成绩却没能过线。考博英语考查的不只是英语方面的基础知识，而是基础知识与实际应用能力的综合。从全国重点院校的博士研究生入学考试英语试卷来看，向主观题型发展是今后考试的趋势，如北京航空航天大学、西安交通大学考博试卷中全是主观题型，仅考汉译英、英译汉和写作；又如北京大学考博试卷中有篇章改错，阅读题还曾采用没有客观题、只有主观问答和阅后写总结的形式，现在又增加了英文解释和选择。因此，考生要想取得好成绩，应重视主观题型的备考和能力的提高。 外语成绩一直是筛选考生入选博士研究生的最重要的尺度，也是考生参加博士生入学考试中最大的障碍和挑战。许多考生并非由于专业课的缘故，而是由于英语考试未达到所报考学校最低录取分数线而与自己理想的学校失之交臂。 根据统计可知，全国博士生入学英语考试录取分数线总体呈上升趋势，这主要是由于报考人数的增加和整体考生水平的提高。但也有许多院校的录取分数线几年之内没有任何变化，呈持续稳定趋势。近年来各院校博士生入学英语考试实际录取分数线在50～60分之间波动，有的院校少数专业破格录取分数也可能降到50分以下。 听力的难度有所增大，这是因为听写在听力考试中逐渐被采用和推广。听写与其他听力选择题的区别是，当考生听不懂的时候，一分都不可能猜写出来，而其他听力选择题有可能猜对。翻译和写作都属于非标准化的题型，即主观测试题。这说明了博士生入学英语考试中能力测试成分的比例很高，尤其是有的院校还加了英语口试。
本书在认真研究全国重点院校的阅读理解、翻译与写作部分的相关考点以后，编写了符合考试深度的同步辅导与强化练习题，让考生能见识、熟悉考查的各种题型，达到熟能生巧的境地。本书的主编都是考博英语的首席主讲专家，他们都在全国一线亲自辅导广大考生的考前复习，有相当丰富的辅导和教学工作经验，深谙命题规律和出题的动态，他们集合清华大学、北京大学和中国人民大学等名校的权威信息，浓缩成本书。
第一章 阅读理解 第一节 阅读理解基本考情分析 第二节 重点院校真题演练 第三节 同步辅导与强化训练第二章 翻译 第一节 翻译基本考情分析 第二节 重点院校真题演练 第三节 同步辅导与强化训练第三章 写作 第一节 写作基本考情分析 第二节 重点院校真题演练 第三节 同步辅导与强化训练
Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why theyre always coming in for crit-icism. Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion and be-cause they have so much money to threw around. "Its iniquitous," they say, "that this en-tirely unproductive industry （if we can call it that） should absorb millions of pounds eachyear. It only goes to show how much profit the big companies are making. Why dont theystop advertising and reduce the price of their goods？ After all, its the consumer whopays. " The poor old consumer. He would have to pay a great deal more if advertising didntcreate mass markets for products. It is just because of the heavy advertising that consumergoods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising isto sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowl-edge we have about household goods derives large from the advertisements we read.Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones wealready know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing-machine, it is more than like- ly you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc. from an advertisement. Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too！ Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway by-laws while waiting for a train？ Would you like to read only closely-printed columns of news in your daily paper？ A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or a newspaper full of the daily ration of calamities. We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not subsist without this source of revenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programs is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price！
考博英语命题与阅卷专家亲自编写，全方位、多角度深度训练，全面解析重点、疑点和难点，举一反三，穷昼题型变化，拓展内在联系，精选集萃专项强化练习试题，阅读理解、翻译与写作单项高分突破。
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