国家间政治
2004-12
北京大学
汉斯·摩根索
419
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《世界政治与国际关系原版影印丛书·学术精品系列·国家间政治：权力斗争与和平（简明版）（英文影印版）》一书明确提出了以权力界定的国家利益概念，并突出阐明了国际政治的现实主义六项原则，全面而系统地阐述了现实主义的国际政治理论，从而奠定了国际政治学的学科地位，并使本书成为国际政治学现实主义流派的奠基之作，也是最具有代表性的现实主义国际政治作品，其影响在西方长盛不衰。该书自1948年初版以来已经多次再版，在我国已经有三个译本流传，哺育了几代学人。此简明版原版经过作者的学生和研究助理、也是著名的国际关系理论家肯尼思·汤普森的整理，旨在为相关专业学生提供学习参考，是非常适用的教学参考书。
作者：(美国)汉斯·摩根索
Preface to the Brief EditionPreface to the Sixth EditionPART ONE Theory and Practice of International Polttics1 A Reajist Tbeory of lnternational PoliticsSIX PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL REALISM2 The Science of International PoliticsUNDERSTANDINC INTERNATIONAL POLITICSDifferent ApproachesLimitations to UnderstandingUNDERSTANDING THE PROBLEM OF INTERNATIONAL PEACEPART TWOIn,tern,ation,al Politics as a Struggle for Power3 Political PowerWHAT IS POLITICAL POWER?As Means to the Nation's EndsIts Nature: Four DistinctionsTHE DEP:RECIATION OF POLITICAL POWERTWO ROOTS OF THE DEPRECIATION OF POLITICAL POWERNineteenth-Century PhilosophyThe American ExperienceTHE SCIENCE OF PEACE: CONTEMPORARY UTOPIANISM4 The Struggle for Power: Policy of the Status Quo5 The Struggle for Power: ImperialismWHAT IMPERIALISM IS NOTECONOMIC THEORIES OF IMPERIALISMThe Marxist, Liberal, and "Devil" Theories of ImperialismCriticism of These TheoriesDIFFERENT TYPES OF IMPERIALISMThree Inducements to ImperialismVictorious WarLost WarWeaknessThree Goals of ImperialismWorld E'mpireContinental EmpireLocal PreponderanceThree Methods of ImperialismMilitary ImperialismEconomic ImperialismCultural ImperialismHOW TO DETECT AND COUNTER AN IMPERIALISTIC POLICYThe Problem of Policy: Containment, Appeasement, FearThe Problem of Detection6 The Struggle for Power: Policy of PrestigeDIPLOMATIC CEREMONIALDISPLAY OF MILITARY FORCETWO OBJECTIVES OF THE POLICY OF PRESTIGETHREE CORRUPTIONS OF THE POLICY OF PRESTIGE7 The Ideological Element in International PoliciesTHE NATURE OF POLITICAL IDEOLOGIESTYPICAL IDEOLOGIES OF FOREIGN POLICIESideologies of the Status QuoIdeologies of ImperialismAmbiguous IdeologiesTHE PROBLEM OF RECOGNITIONPART THREENational Power8 The Essence of National PowerWHAT IS NATIONAL POWER?ROOTS OF MODERN NATIONALISMRetreat from Nationalism: Apparent and RealPersonal Insecurity and Social Disintegration9 Elements of National PowerGEOGRAPHYNATURAL RESOURCESFoodRaw MaterialsThe Power of Oil……PART FOURLimitations of National Power: The Balance of PowerPART FIYELimitations of National Power: International Morality and World Public OpinionPART SIXLimitations of National Power: International LawPART SEVENInternational Politics in the Con,temporary WorldPART EIGHTThe Problem of Peace: Peace through Limitation,PART NINEThe Problem of Peace: Peace through Tran,sformationPART TENThe Problem of Peace: Peace through Accommodation,Historical GlossaryIndex
Since size of population is one of the factors upon which national powerrests， and since the power of one nation is always relative to the power of others， the relative size of the population of countries competing for power and，especially， the relative rate of their growth deserve careful attention. A countryinferior in size of population to its competitor will view with alarm a decliningrate of growth if the population of its competitor tends to increase more rapidly.Such has been the situation of France with regard to Germany between 1870and 1940. During that period， the population of France increased by fourmillion， whereas Germany registered a gain of twenty-seven million. While in1800 every seventh European was a Frenchman， in 1930 only every thirteenthwas a Frenchman. In 1940， Cermany had at its disposal about fifteen millionmen fit for military service， whereas France had only five million.On the other hand， ever since the unification in 1870， Germany has viewed some times with alarm， and always with respect， the Russian population figures，which show a greater rate of increase than Germany's. Looking at the situationas it existed at the outbreak of the First World War solely from the point of view of population trends， Cernlany could feel that time was on Russia's side， and France could feel that time was on the side of Germany， while both Austria and Russia， for other reasons already alluded to， could believe that postponement of the conflict would favor the opponent. Thus all the protagonists， with the excephon of Great Britain， had reasons of their own to prefer a war in 1914 to a peaceful settlement which they could not regard as definite， but only as a breathing spell before the unavoidable settling of a ccounts.As the shifts in the distribution of power within Europe in recent history have been roughly duplicated by the changes in population trends， so the emergence of the United States as the great power center of the West， taking the place of Western and Central Europe， can be read in the population figures of the respective countries. In 1870， the population of France as well as of Germany exceeded that of the United States. Yet，in 1940， the population of the United States had increased by 100 million while the combined increase in the populations of France and Germany in the same period amounted to only thirty-one million.It is thus obvious that a nation cannot be the first rank without a populationsufficiently large to create and apply the material implements of nationalpower. On the other hand， it has become obvious only in recent times that alarge population can also exert a drastically negative influence upon nationaJpower. This has happened in so-called underdeveloped nations， such as Indiaand Egypt， whose populations have greatly increased， by virtue of a decrease in the mortality rates，while their food supply did not keep pace with the increase in population，These countrie were continually faced with the therat of famine and with the need to take care of large masses of undernourished and diseased people ，They had to divert scarce resources from the development of their national power to the feeding and cart of ftheir populations，The largeness of their population ，far from being an asset for their national power，is anobstacle to its develppment，For such nations，to bring the number of ther population into harmony with their resources is a necessity ，and if resources population in to its development，For such nations，to bring the number of their cannot be increased，population control is a precondition of national power，，Trends It is obvious from what has been said thus far that in trying to assess the future distribution of power the prediction of population trends plays an important role. ……
不论国际政治的最终目的是什么，权力始终是其直接目标。为权力而斗争在时空中无处不在，是一个不可否认的经验事实。 ——汉斯·摩根索《国家间政治》 从最广泛的知识意义上而言，摩根索打下了国际政治的基础。 ——肯尼思·汤普森（《政治现实主义与世界政治危机》） 迄今为止，在流派林立的西方政治理论界，恐怕还没有一部论著的影响能够超过摩根索的《国家间政治》……在40年时间里，摩根索的理论在西方长盛不衰。 ——王缉思（摘自《国家间政治》1990年中译本序） 汉斯·摩根索……是美国国际政治学界的第一位大师，他的主要著作《国家间政治》被认为是使国际政治学成为一门独立的、系统化的社会科学门类的关键作品。在他以后，国际政治学的发展又经历了好些个阶段，学者们又有不少新的贡献和超越，但没有一个阶段和一个学者能够在实现自己的进步时完全无视摩要索的工作，他们是“站在巨人的肩膀上”完成这种超越的。 （该书）也是一部系统的教科书，里面涉及到古典政治学的基本原理、它们在国际关系中的运用、国际体系的概念和外交的基本原则、欧洲近代国家间体系的历史和国际史学家对它们的总结；这本书像是一部国际政治的“小百科全书”，不论你是否赞成作者的具体结论，通过阅读你总能够对国际政治学家研究的主要对象和基本范围有一个总体的了解，包括国际政治学特有的范畴、术语和常识等。 ——王逸舟（《西方国际政治学：历史和理论》）
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书本很旧，而且是英文版的，还得自己付邮费，一本二手书下来二十八，超不值。