德伯家的苔丝
2004-4
上海世界图书出版公司
哈代
364
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前言 世界文学名著表现了作者所描述的特定时代的文化，读后带给人的除了流畅的文笔、逼真的描述、详细的刻画外，更多的是对那个时期历史文化的回味和体会。为此，我们将这套精心编辑的 “名著典藏”奉献给广大读者。 我们找来了专门研究西方发展史、西方文化的专家学者，请教了专业的翻译人员，精心挑选了这几部可以代表西方文学的著作，并听取了一些国外专门研究文学的朋友建议，不做注释，不做删节，不做任何人为的改动，严格按照原著的风格，提供原汁原味的西方名著，让读者去自由地阅读、想像和发挥。无形中
《德伯家的苔丝》讲述了苔丝的悲剧，还有其社会道德根源，主要就是男性中心社会中那种强固的妇女贞操观念。哈代在规定苔丝的思想行为时，始终与这一观念针锋相对，批判的矛头直接指向维护这一观念的社会和基督教教会。按照世俗的成见陋习，苔丝失身后，或顺水推舟甘当亚雷·德伯的姘妇，或想方设法进而使他们的关系合法化，方为良策，而苔丝却坚持宁可作令人侧目的"不正派女人"而不作无爱情的结合。她第一次逃离亚雷·德伯，从纯瑞脊回到家乡的路上，看到路边用血红色书写的宗教诫律"不要犯（奸淫）"，就脱口而出："呸，我不信上帝说过这种话。"由此刻到她私自给非婚生婴儿洗礼，苔丝在思想上对世俗成见陋习和教会已经开始怀疑，尽管此时她还相信有上帝和地狱存在，并未彻底摆脱宗教迷信观念。随后，"陷淖沾泥"的苔丝离群索居，在默默承受身心的创痛之中，思想上那种离经叛道的变化也日益深刻。这正是她与这种成见陋习及其对自己的影响长期较量的战果。到苔丝第二次离家，与安玑·克莱相爱并决心与之结合，直至她历尽波折，最后亲手杀死亚雷·德伯，与安玑·克莱潜逃，这全部过程清楚地说明，苔丝对世俗成见陋习的态度是从怀疑到否定，直到反抗，最后以自己年轻的生命付出了高昂的代价。哈代不仅以苔丝的思想言行与世俗成见陋习进行抗争，而且有时亲自出马，径直掷出投枪。失身后的苔丝，在世俗眼中，简直已经失去了为人处世的资格，而在哈代笔下，"她的外表，漂亮标致，惹人注目；她的灵魂，是一个有了近一两年来那样纷乱的经验而完全没有腐化堕落的妇人那样的。如果不是由于世俗的成见，那番教育还得算是一种高等教育呢。"如果把书中诸如此类的议论放回到一百年前维多利亚王朝时代去体味，我们更不能不叹服哈代思想的"前卫"。正因他在塑造苦丝形象过程中，时时融进了这类思想见解，才赋予这一形象更加丰富的内涵和更加深刻的社会批判性。哈代在他随后所写的《无名的裘德》里，此类思想见解则更有进一步发挥。
CONTENTSThe MaidenMaiden No MoreThe RallyThe ConsequenceThe Woman PaysThe ConvertFulfilment
The basket was heavy and the bundle was large， but she lugged them along like a person who did not find her especial burden in material things. Occasionally she stopped to rest in a mechanical way by sorne gate or post; and then, giving the baggage another hitch upon her full round arm, went steadily on again. It was a Sunday morning in late October, about four months after Tess Durbeyfields arrival at Trantridge, and some few weeks subsequent to the night ride in The Chase. The time was not long past day-break, and the yellow luminosity upon the horizon behind her back lighted the ridge towards which her face was set——the barrier of the vale wherein she had of late been a stranger——which she would have to climb over to reach her birth-place. The ascent was gradual on this side, and the soil and scenery differed much from those within Blake- more Vale. Even the character and accent of the two peoples had shades of difference, despite the amalgamating effects of a round-about railway; so that, though less than twenty miles from the place of her sojourn at Trantridge, her native village had seemed a far-away spot.The field-folk shut in there traded northward and westward, travelled,courted, and married northward and westward, thought northward and westward; those on this side mainly directed their energies and attention to the east and south. They could then see the faint summer fogs in layers, woolly, level,and apparently no thicker than counterpanes, spread about the meadows in detached remnants of small extent. On the gray moisture of the grass were marks where the cows had lain through the night——dark-green islands of dry herbage the size of their carcases, in the general ses or dew. From each island proceeded a serpentine trail, by which the cow had rambled away to feed after getting up, at the end of which trail they found her; the snoring puff from her nostrils when she ecognized them, making an intenser little fog of her own amid the prevailing one. Then they drove the animals back to the barton, or sat down to milk them on the spot, as the case might require the first mother compelled to love her offspring resentfully, and to be bitterly fond. In spite of the unpleasant initiation of the day before, Tess in clined to the freedom and novelty of her new position in the morning when the sun shone, now that she was once installed there; and she was curious to test her powers in the unexpected direction asked of her, so as to ascertain her chance of retaining her post. As soon as she was alone within the walled garden she sat herself down on a coop, and seriously screwed up her mouth for the long-neglected practice. She found her former ability to have degenerated to the production of a hollow rush of wind through the lips, and no clear note at all. She remained fruitlessly blowing and blowing, wondering how she could have so grown out of the art which had come by nature, tell she became aware of a movement among the ivy-boughs which cloaked the garden-wall no less than the cottage. Looking that way she beheld a form springing from the coping to the plot. It was Alec dUrberville,whom she had not set eyes on since he had conducted her the day before to the door of the gardeners cottage where she had lodgings. "Upon my honour! " he cried, "there was never before such a beautiful thing in Nature or Art as you look, Cousin Tess (Cousin had a faint ring of mockery). I have been watching you from over the wall sitting like Impatience on a monument, and pouting up that pretty red mouth to whistling shape, and whooing and whooing, and privately swearing, and never being able to produce a note. Why, you are quitecross because you cant do it." "I may be cross, but I didnt swear." "Ah! I understand why you are trying——those bullies! My mother wants you to carry on their musical education. How selfish of her! As if attending to these curst cocks and hens here were not enough work forany girl. I would flatly refuse, if I were you." "But she wants me particularly to do it, and to be ready by t0-morrow morning." "Does she? Well then——Ill give you a lesson or two." "Oh no, you wont! " said Tess, withdrawing towards the door. "Nonsense; I dont want to touch you. See——Ill stand on this sideof the wire-netting, and you can keep on the other; so you may feelquite safe. Now, look here; you screw up your lips too harshly. There is——so.
世界文学名著表现了作者所描述的特定时代的文化，读后带给人的除了流畅的文笔、逼真的描述、详细的刻画外，更多的是对那个时期历史文化的回味和体会。为此，我们将这套精心编辑的"名著典藏"奉献给广大读者。我们找来了专门研究西方发展史、西方文化的专家学者，请教了专业的翻译人员，精心挑选了这几部可以代表西方文学的著作，并听取了一些国外专门研究文学的朋友建议，不做注释，不做删节，不做任何人为的改动，严格执照原著的风格，提供原汁原味的西方名著，让读者去自由地阅读、想像和发挥。无形中，你会发现，自己的英语水平已经有了大幅度的提高，不仅是词汇语法，更多的是对英文、对西方文化的整体了解。 送您一套经典，让您受益永远！
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