格萨尔王
2009-1
五洲传播出版社
王国振，朱咏梅，汉佳 译
229
King Gesar is an epic from Tibet based on Tibetan folk tales, legends, folk songs and proverbs. Representing the highest achievement of ancient Tibetan culture, it has been in circulation for centuries. It is an encyclopedia-like masterpiece reflecting the history of the ancient Tibetan society. Compared with the world's Other famous heroic epics, King Gesar has two outstanding characteristics. First, it has been passed down orally and musically from one generation to the next. Even today the epic is still widespread among the Tibetan people,especially among farmers and herdsmen. It is a "living" heroic epic and belongs to the Tibetan cultural heritage. Second, it is the longest heroic epic in the world. It is an immense work,with more than 1 million verses, which would fill 120-plus volumes if written down. The State of Ling generally refers to the ancient Tibetan-inhabited areas. In the light of its structural order, we selected the high spot of this epic to entertain readers at home and abroad. We hope our readers, through reading King Gesar, will get to know and love both this great epic and the Tibetan culture.
PrefaceChapter Ⅰ Demons Emerge and the Goddess of Mercy Comes to the RescueChapter Ⅱ God Son Is Born in Ling and Zhaotoin Works AgainstChoruChapter Ⅲ Zhaotoin Casts Greedy Eyes on the Throne of the Ling Tribe/and Gormo Manages to Capture the Heavenly HorseChapter Ⅳ Choru Fulfills His Wishes with Flying Colors/and Zhaotoin Depresses with All Hopes Dashed to PiecesChapter Ⅴ An Expedition to Kill the Devil and to Save Gesar's ConcubineChapter Ⅵ The State of Hot Kidnaps Cholmo by Force and King Bacham ls Killed as a PunishmentChapter Ⅶ The State of Chain Fights for the Salt Lake and the Ling King Slays King Sadain of ChainChapter Ⅷ Ling Attacks Moinyo upon Hearing a Prophesy/and the Four Demons Surrender and the Ling Troops Return Triumphantly.Chapter Ⅸ Ling Brings an Army to Chayo to Open the Treasure-House for the Benefit of the PeopleChapter Ⅹ The Lion King and His Officials Burn a Demon's Body/and Gesar Selects a Wife for the PrinceChapter Ⅺ Lion King Rescues Mother from Hell and Rongcha Chageng Passes AwayChapter Ⅻ Prince Zhalha Ascends the Throne to Become the King of Ling and the Lion King Returns to Heaven Together with His Wives
插图：One day after the Dragon daughter had finished her meal she went to the lake for a walk.q-he clear lake water was calm and peaceful. She scooped up some water and drank it. Looking at her reflection in the lake she was reminded that three years had passed since she had left the Dragon Palace. Me to Nat se could not help missing her parents and the beautiful Dragon Palace. Her eyes filled with tears and as the tears fell into the lake they turned into pearls, The pearls sank to the bottom of the lake. On seeing this the Drag on King, Chona Rin chin, turned into a blue-faced man on a blue horse and came to see his daughter. He tried to explain what was happening:"My daughter, do not blame anyone. Do not think that because you are here all alone neither your mother nor I or the grand master do not care about you. Do not think that your mother and I do not miss you. Everyone has their own destiny."The Dragon King took out a Good Wish Pearl and spoke to Me to Nat se:"My daughter, do not blame your father the king. This is your destiny. You are now living with a happy family. Chatsa Shigar treats you as his real mother. Later on you will have your own son. I give you a Good Wish Pearl. You will get whatever you wish.Remember: always keep the pearl by your side before your son is born." After saying this,the Dragon King went into the water and disappeared.The Dragon daughter felt warm and comfortable with the Good Wish Pearl in her hand. She then fell into a deep sleep. A white cloud came from the southwest. A deity was standing on the cloud. He came to Me to Nat se and placed a five-pointed golden Diamond Club on her head:"Woman of good fortune, I never left you. It is time for you to bring good to the people in Tibet.""The deity then said: "Remember: the eighth day of the third month this year is the time for the son of the deities to be reborn. He is the ferocious god that will subjugate allevil spirits. He will be the king of the black-haired Tibetans.""Also, remember that when the son of the deities is born, you need to apply long life liquid on his upper jaw. He must use the top of his head to eat when he has food for the first time. Meanwhile, Deity Paml ha should be worshiped. "Ibis fierce god will help him to dress up for the first time. He should worship the Heavens before he fights with anyenemies. You must always bear in mind what I have said."
《格萨尔王(KING GESAR)》讲述了这样一个故事：在很久很久以前，天灾人祸遍及藏区，妖魔鬼怪横行，黎民百姓遭受荼毒。大慈大悲的观世音菩萨为了普渡众生出苦海，向阿弥陀佛请求派夭神之子下凡降魔。神子推巴噶瓦发愿到藏区，做黑头发藏人的君王——即格萨尔王。为了让格萨尔能够完成降妖伏魔、抑强扶弱、造福百姓的神圣使命，史诗的作者们赋予他特殊的品格和非凡的才能，把他塑造成神、龙、念(藏族原始宗教里的一种厉神)三者合一的半人半神的英雄。格萨尔降临人间后，多次遭到陷害，但由于他本身的力量和诸天神的保护，不仅未遭毒手，反而将害人的妖魔和鬼怪杀死。格萨尔从诞生之日起，就开始为民除害，造福百姓。5岁时，格萨尔与母亲移居黄河之畔，8岁时，岭部落也迁移至此。12岁上，格萨尔在部落的赛马大会上取得胜利，并获得王位，同时娶森姜珠牡为妃。从此，格萨尔开始施展天威，东讨西伐，征战四方，降伏了入侵岭国的北方妖魔，战胜了霍尔国的白帐王、姜国的萨丹王、门域的辛赤王、大食的诺尔王、卡切松耳石的赤丹王、祝古的托桂王等，先后降伏了凡十个“宗”(藏族古代的部落和小帮国家)在降伏了人间妖魔之后，格萨尔功德圆满，与母亲郭姆、王妃森姜珠牡等一同返回天界。
