压抑的自我.异化的人生-多丽斯.莱辛非洲小说研究

2009-12  

上海外语教育出版社  

蒋花  

233  

　　2007年，多丽斯·莱辛（1919-）荣膺诺贝尔文学奖，评委会对莱辛及其作品的评价是“她用怀疑、热情、构想的力量来审视一个分裂的文明，其作品如同一部女性经验的史诗”。莱辛于1919年出生在伊朗，1924年随父母迁居非洲南罗得西亚（今称津巴布韦），结过两次婚，育有三个孩子，1949年带着最小的孩子回英国伦敦定居。莱辛是一位多产、勤奋的作家，创作了50多部文学作品。文学样式有小说、短篇小说、非小说类作品（在莱辛作品中指诸如《追寻英国人》这样的非虚构作品）、诗歌、自传和戏剧。作品多以女性为主体，涉及的题材广泛，几乎涵盖了人类生活的方方面面：个人和集体之间微妙复杂的关系、非洲殖民地生活、青少年的困惑和无奈、中年妇女的精神崩溃、老年妇女的孤独、第二次世界大战、战后颓败的伦敦、共产主义活动、核武器等问题。可以说。读者，特别是女性读者，都可以在她的作品中看到自己的精神世界：困惑、不安、冲动和希望。

　　《压抑的自我，异化的人生：多丽斯·莱辛非洲小说研究》在后殖民主义、女性主义、心理学、叙事学等理论火照下，紧扣“个人和集体关系”的主题，全而系统地分析了2007年文学诺尔奖获得者英国小说家多丽斯，莱辛关于非洲的六部小说和一一部短篇小说集，主要揭示了辛笔下的英属非洲殖民地土的人生异化问题：在这个世界里，一方面人们习惯于按照种族、民族、性别、政治信仰、年龄等划分人群和各种事物，自觉或不自觉地屈从十各种内化了的集体身份；另一方面人们却又渴望体现主体性的自我。人们备受外部世界和内部世界不可调和的冲突的煎熬，感到与他人、社会疏离，最终人性扭曲，过着双重人格的生活。

Introduction　Doris Lessing and Her African Fiction0.1　Reaching Lessing0.2　The Relationship between the Individual and the Collective0.3　Understanding Lessings African Fiction0.4　Pursuit in Lessings Africa0.5　Literary Reviews on Lessings African Fiction0.6　The Theme and Brief Introduction to the OrganizationChapter 1　The （s）Self and the （o）Other1.1　The Theme and the Theoretical Framework1.2　Selfhood1.3　The self1.4　Historical Demarcation of the Self and the Other1.5　Difference and the Other1.6　Lacans Concept of the Other and the other1.7　The Other in Light of Postcolonialism1.8　Woman and the OtherChapter 2　The Natives and the Land as the Other， the Whites as the Bewildered Keepers of the White Mythology2.1　The Self and the Other in Colonial Africa2.2　Demonizing the Other， Destroying the self2.2.1　Moses Look， Marys Uneasiness2.2.2　Crippled Life of Stereotyped White Women2.3 Increasing Haunting Fear and Homelessness of the Average White People2.4 White Liberals Fragmentation2.5 Nature and "Ecological Imperialism".2.6 The Revenge of the Bush2.6.1　House， Settler Women and the Bush2.6.2　Menacing the House， Imprisoning Settler Women2.7 The Resistance of the Land2.7.1　Slatter， an "Automaton" of Colonialism2.7.2　Disillusioned Romantic FarmersChapter3　Minority Groups as the Other， Irreconcilable Conflicts within the Whites3.1　Minority Groups within the Whites3.2　Piled-up Grievances between the British and the Afrikaners3.2.1　Frail Friendship between the Quests and the Van Rensbergs3.2.2　White Skin， Native Life3.3 Martha and Jews， Victims of Anti-Semitism3.3.1　Corrupted Friendship with the Cohen Boys3.3.2　Distorted Love Affair with Adolph3.3.3　Martha and Thomas， the Permanent Exile3.4 The BitterAlienation of "the Sports Club Crowd".3.4.1　Receiving Typical English Education and Growing up in Africa3.4.2　Reducing Themselves to the Other in Ethics and Marriage3.5 The Inevitable Frustration of the Communist GroupChapter 4　Women， the Hopeless Otherin ColonialAfriea4.1　kessing and Feminism4.2　Poor， Lonely and Depressed Housewives on Remote Farms4.3　Exiled Eves on the Veld： "Normal" Daily Life， Abnormal Emotional Life4.4　The Other among Housewives on Farm4.5　Martha， a Townswoman with Distorted Subjectivity4.5.1　Adolescent Rebellion4.5.2　Inevitable Alienation Resulting from Romantic Love and Marriage4.6　Mrs.Van， a Townswoman Leading a Double Life4.7　No Enunciation Position for Native Women4.7.1　In the Eyes of White Female Settlers4.7.2　In the Eyes of White Men4.7.3　In the Eyes of Native MenChapter 5　Narrative Methods5.1　The Theme and Narrative Methods5.2　Omniscient Third Person Narration5.3　Epigraph5.4　From the Point of View of a Child or an Adolescent5.5　Dialectical Method5.5.1　Dialectical Method and the Theme5.5.2　Marstons Dialectical Roles5.5.3　Dialectical Method and the White and the Native RelationshipConclusionWorks Cited

　　Lessing sets many of her stories in Southern Rhodesia （now Zimbabwe），a place she calls Zambesia in Children of voilence sequence， so a basic knowledgeof Southern Rhodesia is a prerequisite for understanding her African writings.Southern Rhodesia is located between two rivers the Zambezi River andthe Limpopo： the former in the north separates it from Zambia （formerlyNorthern Rhodesia）; the latter serves as its southern border from SouthAfrica. Known as central Africa， it is to the northeast of the state of Botswanaand to the west of Mozambique. The northern and southern Rhodesia wasnamed in 1895 after the British entrepreneur Cecil John Rhodes in memoryof the great achievements Rhodes scored in establishing white settlementin the territory From then till 1923， Rhodes and the British South AfricaCompany were empowered to run the count. In 1923， Rhodesia officiallybecame a Crown Colona self-governing company. Ruled by the British，it was different from its neighbour， South Africa， and its governmentmaintained its difference from the latter. It dreaded to be incorporatedinto the latter， which was ruled by Afrikaners， and this partly caused greatantagonism between the colony and the Afrikaner country. Meanwhile， thecolony needed South Africa rather than England to support its apartheidpolicy for “from the forties onward it became increasingly clear that Britainwould be less likely than South Africa to support perpetual domination of thecountrys blacks， a strategy regarded by the settlers as essential to their verysurvival.”（Bertelsen 30） This particular situation made English settlers in thecolony foster and harbour a complex feeling toward "home" and deepenedtheir sense of homelessness.

　　搭建学术交流平台，传播最新研究成果。学术理论新颖，研究领域广宽，材料客观翔实，论述周密严谨，文字简洁流畅。

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