汉语形态学
2001-1
外语教学与研究出版社
(英)帕卡德
344
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This innovative study dispels tile common belief that Chinese” doesn't have Words” but Instead“has characters”． Jerome Packard’s book provides a comprehensive discussion of the linguistic and cognitive nature of Chinese words．It shows that Chinese，far form being “morphologically impoverished.” has a different morphological system because It select Different“settings” on parameters shared by all languages．The analysis of Chinese word formation therefore enhances our under standing of Word universals．Packard describes the intimate relationship between words and their components．including how the identities of Chinese morphemes ale word-driven．and offers new insights into tile evolution of morphemes based on Chinese data．Models are offered for how Chinese words are stored in the mental lexicon and processed in natural speech．showing that much of what native speakers know about words occurs innately in the from of a hard- wired．specifically linguistic“program”in the brain．
List of figuresList of tablesList of abbrevlationsPreface by Halliday王宗炎序Preface by Chomsky沈家煊序导读1 Introduction1.1 Rationale：why investigate Chinese words?1.2 The scope of this work2 Defining the word in Chinese2.1 What is a‘word’?：different views2.1.1 Orthographic word2.1.2 Sociological word2.1.3 Lexical word2.1.4 Semantic word2.1.5 Phonological word2.1.6 Morphological word2.1.7 Syntactic word J2.1.8 Psycholinguistic word2.2 The Chinese concept of' word'2.2.1 The reality of the 'word' in Chinese2.3 How we will de fine 'word' in Chinese3 Chinese word components3.1 Describing he components3.1.1 Possible descriptions 2l3.1.1.1 Relafional description3.1.1.2 Modification structure description3.1.1.3 Semantic description3.1.1.4 Syntactic description3.I.1.5 Form class description3.2 Form classes of the components3.2.1 Form class identities within words3.3 Criteria for determining form class of Chinese word components3.4 Morphological analysis of Chinese word components3.4.1 Distinguishing 'free' and 'bound'3.4.2 Distinguishing 'content' and 'function'3.4.3 Morpheme types3.4.3.1 Two types of affix3.4.3.2 Word-forming affixes us bound roots 7z3.4.4 Summary and some test cases3.4.4.1 Determiners, classifiers and numerals3.4.4.2 Location morphemes3.5 The nature of the components3.5.1 Affixes as word components3.5.2 Bound roots as word components3.5.3 Free(‘root')words as word components4 Gestalt Chinese words4.1 Word types4.2 Nouns4.2.1 Noun types4.2.1.1 Noun compound words4.2.1.2 Noun bound root words4.2.1.3 Noun derived words4.2.1.4 Noun grammatical words4.2.2 N1-N2 words：kinds of relations4.3 Verbs4.3.1 Verb types4.3.1.1 Verb compound words4.3.1.2 Verb bound root words……5 X-bar analysis of Chinese works6 Lexicalization and Chinese words7 Chinese works and the lexicon8 Chinese works：conclusionsRefencesIndex文库索引Figures
The lack of systematicity inherent in the semantic approach to describing word-component structure is not a problem in the form class approach，because the form class approach，as we shall see．Isnothing if not highly systematic．It relies upon systematic，determinate algorithms，which account for and even predict knowledge of word properties by native speakers．Furthermore，the form class approach explains why the outer identity of the word determines or 'drives' the identity of word components，as demonstrated in example（3）see also 6.1.3.1.5）． The problems with using the syntactic descriptions of word structure outlined in 3.1.1.4 are avoided by the form class approach because．generally speaking，all of the predictions and expectations engendered by the syntactic approach either do not exist or are accounted for under the form class approach．For example，expectation of colocaion．know-ledge of identity and distributional characteristics of components，accurate portrayal of synchronic word characteristics．overstatement of productivity and SO forth fail to arise on the form class approach．Another advantage of looking at Mandarin word components by their form class identity is that they are easily categorized by form class．In 3·3 we outline a procedure for assigning a form class identity to morphemes as they occur within words． Adopting the syntactic form class criterion allows for the fact that the forms of words are in many cases diachronically related to．Or derived from，syntactic structure．This approach does not suggest that words are formed using rules and principles of syntax，but rather that words have come to have the structure and form that they have partly due to the lexicalization of words in syntactic phrases（see 6.3）．In other words，the maxim‘today’S morphology is yesterday’s syntax’ （Giv6n 1971：413）applies to Chinese just as it does to other languages． ……
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