Is the Welfare State Justified?福利国家是合理的吗？

2007-6  

Cambridge Univ Pr  

Shapiro, Daniel  

323  

In this book, Daniel Shapiro argues that the dominant positions in contemporary political philosophy - egalitarianism, positive rights theory, communitarianism, and many forms of liberalism - should converge in a rejection of central welfare state institutions. He examines how major welfare institutions, such as government-financed and -administered retirement pensions, national health insurance, and programs for the needy, actually work. Comparing them to compulsory private insurance and private charities, Shapiro argues that the dominant perspectives in political philosophy mistakenly think that their principles support the welfare state. Instead, egalitarians, positive rights theorists, communitarians, and liberals have misunderstood the implications of their own principles, which in fact support more market-based or libertarian institutional conclusions than they may realize. Shapiro's book is unusual in its combination of political philosophy with social science. Its focus is not limited to any particular country; rather it examines welfare states in affluent democracies and their market alternatives. 　　• Argues that supporters of the welfare state should, following their own premises, actually oppose it 　　• Does comparative institutional analysis: compares real welfare state institutions with real market-based alternatives 　　• Combines focus on basic principles in political philosophy with social science analysis of institutions

Preface1. Introduction; 　1.1　Justification in Political Philosophy 　1.2　Internal Versus External Arguments 1.3　Clarifying the Institutional Alternatives 1.4　Coming Attractions 2 Central Perspectives in Political Philosophy 2.1　Justice, Equality, and Fairness 2.2　Basic Rights, Liberty, and Well-Being 2.3　Community and Solidarity 2.4　Public Justification and Epistemic Accessibility 3 Health Insurance, Part I 3.1　The Topic's Importance 3.2　The Institutional Alternatives 3.3　Egalitarianism and NHI 3.4　Risks and Choices: Egalitarian Reasons for MHI 3.5　Rationing, Visibility, and Egalitarian Outcomes: Why Market Allocation Is Better 　3.6　Why the Priority View Agrees with the Egalitarian Support of MHI 2. Central perspectives in political philosophy; 3. Health insurance, part I; 4. Health insurance, part II; 5. Old-age or retirement pensions; 6. Welfare or means-tested benefits, part I; 7. Welfare or means-tested benefits, part II; 8. ConclusionSelect BibliographyIndex

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