干细胞技术
2012-6
科学出版社
卡尔森
402
673250
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由于干细胞生物学在多个前沿分支的重大进展，使其成为快速发展的领域。本文集收集了干细胞领域诸多领袖人物的新近文章。首先向读者介绍干细胞生物学的基本概念，以及近年来鉴定出的种类繁多的干细胞类型；接着，从技术层面概要讲述了制备和使用干细胞的实验室操作规程；之后，介绍了再生医学领域干细胞生物学应用的现状；最后几章围绕着在临床治疗中如何获取干细胞及其应用问题，给出了伦理和监管方面的考虑。
Bruce M.Carlson，M.D.，Ph.D.University of Michigan
著者名单导言序“干性”的定义、规范和标准第一部分 干细胞生物学介绍1.源自脊椎动物胚胎的亚全能干细胞:当下的观点和未来的挑战2.出生后的干细胞3.成体上皮组织干细胞4.间充质干细胞5.干细胞的可塑性和再生第二部分 制备胚胎干细胞或亚全能干细胞的方法6.建立用于人类胚胎干细胞研究的实验室7.人类胚胎干细胞的衍生和维持培养方法:细则和备选方案8.人类胚胎生殖细胞的衍生和分化9.人类胚胎干细胞的基因操作10.诱导性亚全能干细胞衍生物第三部分 干细胞的类型和性质11.亚全能性的分子基础12.人类亚全能干细胞的特征和描述13.多潜能的成体祖细胞14.骨髓干细胞的性质和亚全能性15.造血干细胞的性质、标志物和疗法16.胃肠道中的干细胞17.源自羊水和胎盘的干细胞18.利用核移植产生干细胞第四部分 干细胞生物学在再生医学中的应用19.肿瘤干细胞20.神经干细胞对中枢神经系统的修复21.烧伤和皮肤溃疡22.心血管再生修复和新血管形成的细胞基础:我们在未来5~10年中做什么、为什么做、如何做以及在哪里做?23.胰腺干细胞24.利用胚胎干细胞治疗心脏病25.成体角质干细胞相关的表皮再生26.骨骼肌内的成肌细胞移植27.肌肉骨骼系统修复的细胞疗法28.源自胚胎干细胞的视网膜色素上皮第五部分 伦理和监管方面的考虑29.对伦理问题的考虑30.干细胞研究:对宗教问题的考虑31.美国专利法中的现有条款32.干细胞疗法:食品和药物管理局的产品及临床应用前的监管考虑索引
Stem cell progeny are known to populate a wide variety of human tissues and organs. This has been demonstrated incases of sex-mismatched bone marrow or organ transplants by the use ofY-chromosomal markers. The analyzable com-binations include female individuals who have had bonemarrow transplants from male donors or male individualswho have received organ transplants from female donors.In the latter case， the presence of cells containing theY chromosome in the transplant shows that host cells have populated the transplant. In the former case， the presence ofcells bearing the Y chromosome in any nonmarrow tissueindicates a cellular mosaic between host tissue and graftedmarrow cells. According to one report， after a single，male， bone marrow stem cell was injected intravenouslyinto lethally irradiated mice， progeny of that cell werefound in the skin， the kidneys， the liver， and the epithelial lining of lung and small intestine （Krause et a/2001）. Careful analysis in these studies is essential becausethe Y chromosome-bearing cells could be macrophagesor some other bloodborne cell， rather than a parenchymalcell or a permanent component of the stroma. In trans-plant situations， male-derived cells have been found in theliver， heart， Hdney， endothelium of blood vessels， bone，epithelia of gut， buccal cavity， and skin （rev. Korbling andEstrov， 2003）. The reported percentages ofimmigrant cellsvary considerably， from less than 1% to more than 20c7o.One important observation from the clinical studies is thatthe percentage of immigrant cells in an organ is typically greater if rejection or some pathologic process is occurring in that organ. This confirms laboratory data suggesting thatstem cells are more likely to be called into play when an organ is damaged. ……
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