信息技术与应用导论
2001-5
高等教育
哈奇森
960
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20世纪末，以计算机和通信技术为代表的信息科学和技术，对世界的经济、军事、科技、教育、文化、卫生等方面的发展产生了深刻的影响，由此而兴起的信息产业已经成为世界经济发展的支柱。进入21世纪，各国为了加快本国的信息产业，加大了资金投入和政策扶持。为了加快我国信息产业的进程，在我国《国民经济和社会发展第十个五年计划纲要》中，明确提出“以信息化带动工业化，发挥后发优势，实现社会生产力的跨越式发展。”信息产业的国际竞争将日趋激烈。在我国加入wTQ后，我国信息产业将面临国外竞争对手的严峻挑战。竞争成败最终将取决于信息科学和技术人才的多少与优劣。在20世纪末，我国信息产业虽然得到迅猛发展，但与国际先进国家相比，差距还很大。为了赶上并超过国际先进水平，我国必须加快信息技术人才的培养，特别要培养一大批具有国际竞争能力的高水平的信息技术人才，促进我国信息产业和国家信息化水平的全面提高。为此，教育部高等教育司根据教育部吕福源副部长的意见，在长期重视推动高等学校信息科学和技术的教学的基础上，将实施超前发展战略，采取一些重要举措，加快推动高等学校的信息科学和技术等相关专业的教学工作。在大力宣传、推荐我国专家编著的面向21世纪和“九五”重点的信息科学和技术课程教材的基础上，在有条件的高等学校的某些信息科学和技术课程中推动使用国外优秀教材的影印版进行英语或双语教学，以缩短我国在计算机教学上与国际先进水平的差距，同时也有助于强化我国大学生的英语水平。为了达到上述目的，在分析一些出版社已影印相关教材，一些学校已试用影印教材进行教学的基础上，教育部高等教育司组织并委托高等教育出版社开展国外优秀信息科学和技术优秀教材及其教学辅助材料的引进研究与影印出版的试点工作。为推动用影印版教材进行教学创造条件。
《信息技术与应用导论（第7版影印版）》综合介绍信息技术的知识、技能以及与信息技术相关的人文和社会方面的内容。作为各专业的信息技术导论性课程，《信息技术与应用导论（第7版影印版）》既介绍了计算机软硬系统的基础知识，同时也介绍了如何使用计算机处理日常报表、报告、数据库、通信等。《信息技术与应用导论（第7版影印版）》尽可能地将最有用的信息综合起来提供给读者，因此，《信息技术与应用导论（第7版影印版）》具有如下特点：①覆盖面广。几乎包含了要了解IT技术所必须掌握的所有核心概念和内容，详而不繁。②实用性强。所讲述的软件都是最新的，涉及的内容包罗万象。③复习巩固提高。每章都有关键问题表，章末都有“是什么、怎么做、为什么重要”式的小结，每章都有自我测试题和思考题。④丰富的补充材料。有教师参考资料（试题库、教师手册、PowerPoint幻灯片）、视频片段、互动式配套光盘、自助学习系统，提供两种自我测试软件。 内容：1. 概述 2. 硬件 3. I/O硬件 4. 存储器 5. 系统软件 6. 应用软件 7. 通信技术8. 通信技术的使用 9. 信息系统的分析与设计 10. 软件编程与语言 11. 信息管理 12. 文件与数据库 13. 高级计算 14. 种族、隐私、安全与社会问题。
作者：(美国)哈奇森
1.Overview:The Foundation for Your Future1.1 Whw Is the User?—Mostly People Like You1.2 The Importance ot Becoming1.3 What Is a Comprter-Based InformationThe Digital Basis of ComputersThe Analog Basis of Life1.4 Comprter HardwareInput HardwareProcessing and Memory(Primary Storage)HardwareOutput HardwareSecondary Storage HardwareCommunications Hardware1.5 Computer SoftwareSystem Software:The Computer's BossApplications Software:Your Servant1.6 Types of Computer Systems:What's the Difference?1.7 Milestones in Computer DevelopmentThe Evolution of Computers:Data Overload or Knowledge1.8 Computiong Trends:Connectivity,Interactivity,and Digital ConvergenceConnectivityInteractivity Digital ConvergenceCAREER BOX:Using Computers in Real EstateCAREER BOX:Using Computers in Government and PoliticsSummaryExerciusesEPISODE 1:Starting a Web Business E1.362.Processing Hardware:Turning Data into Something You Can Use2.1 How Data and Programs Are Represented in the ComputerBinary Coding SchemesThe Parity Bit:Checking for ErrorsMachine Language:Your Brand of Computer's Very Own LanguageHow Computer Capacity Is Expressed:Bit by Bit2.2 The Processor,Main Memory,and RegistersThe Processor In ChargeSpecialized Processor Chips:Assistants to the CPUCISC,RISC,and MPP:Not All Processors Are Created EqualMain Memory:Working Storqge Area for the CPURegisters The Machine Cycle:How a Single Instruction Is Processed2.3 Telling Computers Apart:RAM Capacity,Word Size,and Processor SpeedRAM CapacityWord SizeProcessing Speeds2.4 Focus on the Microcomputer:What's Inside?The Power SupplyThe MotherboardThe MicroprocessorRAM ChipsROM ChipsOther Forms of MemoryPorts:Connecting PeripheralsExpansion Slots and Boards2.5 Coming Attractions?CAREER BOX:Using Computers in LawCAREER BOX:Using Computers in Information TechnolgySummaryExercises3 Input/Output Hardware:Interfaces Between You& the Computer3.1 I/O, I/O, It's Off to Work We Go 3.2 Input Hardware Keyboard InputPointing DevicesSource-Data Entry Scanning Devices Voice Recognition Audio Input DevicesVideo and Photographic Input Sensors Human-Biology Input Devices Multimedia Input Needs Input Controls: Preserving Data Integrity 3.3 Output Hardware Impact PrintersNonimpact PrintersPlotters Installing a Printer or Plotter Muttifunction Printer Technology." One for All MonitorsFuture Display Technology Audio Output Hardware Multimedia Output Needs 3.4 In and Out: Devices That Do BothTerminals Smart Cards and Optical Cards Touch Screens Now You See It, Now You Don't CAREER BON,: Using Computers inLaw EnforcementCAREER BOX: Using Computers inGenealogySummary ExercisesEPISODE 2: Deciding to Start Your WebBusiness 4 Storage Hardware:Preserving Data& Information 4.1 Storage Fundamentals Common Elements of Storage Technology Types of FilesWhat Can You Do with Files Besides Filing Them? 4.2 Tape Storage4.3 Diskette StorageHow a Disk Drive WorksCharacteristics of Diskettes 4.4 Hard Disks Nonremovable Internal Hard Disk Drives of MicrocomputersMicrocomputer Hard Disk Variations." Power and PortabilityVirtual Memory: Using Disk Space to Increase RAM Hard Disk Technology for Large Computer Systems Future Hard Disk Technology." The MR Head 4.5 Optical DisksCD-ROM DisksCD-R Disks CD-RW Disks DVD-ROM." The "Digital Convergence" Disk 4.6 The Importance of Backup 4.7 Other Forms of Secondary StorageFlash-Memory Cards Advanced Storage Technology CAREER BOX: Using Computers inAgricultureSummary Exercises5 System Software: The Director 5.1 Two Basic Software Types: For theComputer and for the User 5.2 System Software Components Operating System: In ControlUtility Programs: Helping Hands Language Translators System Software Interfaces5.3 Common Operating Systems:Platforms DOS and Windows 3.x Windows 9x Windows NT I Windows 2000 OSl2 Warp Unix LinuxMacintosh OS Net Ware 5.4 The Future: Is the Web ChangingEverything? Bloatware or the Network Computer? The Jolt from Java CAREER BOX: Using Computers inPhotography Summary Exercises6 Applications Software:The User's Tools6.1 Applications Software Tools 6.2 Common Features of Applications Software Compatibility Issues: What Goes with What?6.3 Productivity Software Tools Word Proeessing Software Spreadsheet Software Personal Finance SoftwarePresentation Graphics Database Management System SoftwareGroupware Desktop Accessories and PIMs Integrated Software and Software SuitesWeb Browsers 6.4 Specialty Applications Software ToolsDesktop-Publishing Software Project Management Software Computer-Aided Design (CAD) andManufacturing (CAM) Drawing and Painting Software Multimedia Authoring Software 6.5 Installing and Updating Applications SoftwareInstalling Applications SoftwareSoftware Versions and Releases 6.6 Ethics and Intellectual Property Rights: When Can You Copy? What Is a Copyright? Piracy, Plagiarism. and Ownership of Image and Sounds Public Domain Software, Freeware, and SharewareProprietary Software and Types of Licenses The Software Police CAREER BOX: Using Computers inAutomobile Manufacturing CAREER BOX: Using Computers inSportsSummaryExercisesEPISODE 3: Planing for Commerce at YourSite7Communi cationsTechnology: StartingAlong the InformationSuperhighway 7.1 Using Computers to CommunicateTechnological Basics Analog Signals: Continuous Waves Digital Signals: Discrete Bursts The Modem: The Great TranslatorCommunications Software ISDN,, Cable Modems, ADSL, and Dishes:Faster, Faster, Faster?7.2 Communications Channels: The Conduitsof Communications Twisted-Pair Wire Coaxial Cable Fiber-Optic CableMicrowave Systems Satellite Systems Other Wireless Communications7.3 Factors Affecting Communications Among DevicesTransmission Rate." Higher Frequency, Wider BandwMth. More Data Line Configurations: Poin t-to-Point and Multipoint Serial and Parallel Transmission Direction of Transmission Flow: Simplex,Half-Duplex, and Full-Duplex Transmission Mode: Asynchronous VersusSynchronous Packet Switching: Getting More Data on a Network Multiplexing: Enhancing CommunicationsEfficienctes Protocols: The Rules of DataTransmission7.4 Communications Networks Types of Networks: Wide Area, MetropolitanArea. and Local Some Network Features: Hosts and Nodes.Downloading and UptoadingAdvantages of Networks 7.5 Local Networks Types of Local Networks: PBXs and LANs Types of LANs: Client-Server andPeer-to-Peer Topology of LANs 7.6 Networking at Work Fax Messages Voice Mail Electronic MailVideoconferencing and V-MailWorkgrouping Computing and Groupware Electronic Data InterchangeIntranets and Extranets Telecommuting The Virtual OfficeCAREER BOX: Using Careers inRetailing (E-Tailing) Summary Exercises Uses of CommunicationsTechnology: Tel ecommuti ng,Online Resources, &the Internet 8.1 TheInternet Where Did the Internet Come From? Connecting to the Internet What Can You Use the Internet for? Internet Addresses 8.2 The World Wide Web Popular Uses of the Web Browsing the Web Searching the Web Experiencing Multimedia on the Web Designing Web Pages Push Technology: Web Sites Come Lookingfor You 8.3 Online Services: Who Should UseThem? Online Services Versus Portals: Is There a Difference? 3.Input/Output Hardware:Interfaces Between You & the Computer4.Storage Hardware:Preserving Data & Information5.System Software:The Director6.Applications Software:The User's Tools7.Communications Technology:Starting Along The Information Superhighway8.Uses of Communications Technology:Telecommuting,Online Resources,& The Internet9.Information Systems Analysis & Design:The Systems Development Life Cycle10.Software Programming & Languages:Where Software Comes From11.Information Management:Who Needs To Know What,& When?12.Files & Databases:Organizing & Maintaining Digital Data13.Advances in Computing:Multimedia,Artificial Intelligence,&Intelligent Agents14.Ethics,Privacy,Security,&Social Questions:Computing for Right Living
插图：Function keys: Function keys are labeledwith an F and a number, such as F1 andF2. They are used for issuing commands,not typing in characters. Desktop microcom-puters usually have 12 function keys, porta-bles often only 10.defined by the software you are using. For example, in one program, pressing F2 may print your document; in a different program, pressing F2 may save your work to disk. The documentation manual that comes with the software tells you how to use the function keys. Also, some companies make smalltemplates that fit around or above the function keys and list the commands that the function keys correspond to.Many keyboards also include built-in enhancements such as microphones,speakers, and volume control.As computers have become more widespread, so has the incidence of varioushand and wrist injuries. Accordingly, keyboard manufacturers have been giving alot of attention to ergonomics. Ergonomics is the study of the physical relation-ships between people and their work environment; that is, it is the science ofdesigning equipment for a safe and comfortable environment. Ergonomics dealswith designing efficient and safe chairs, desks, and lights. It also recommends safeviewing distances from monitors. Keyboard manufacturers, as a result ofergonomic studies, have developed ergonomically sound keyboards to help preventinjuries and for use by physically challenged individuals. （See Figure 3.3. ）
《信息技术与应用导论(第7版影印版)》是由高等教育出版社出版的。
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