软物质物理导论
2011-4
复旦大学出版社
周鲁卫
262
This textbook was developed over a period of 10 years for the
author'slecture on soft matter physics for both graduate and
undergraduatestudents in the Physics Department of Fudan
University.Soft matters are different from hard ones essentially
due to former'srelatively weak interaction which is comparable to
kBTrm(Trm=roomtemperature). It is this feature that results in the
major characteristics ofsoft matters such as "strong reactions upon
weak actions". This textbooknot only concentrates on the basic
interactions inside soft matters in areductionist approach(Chap. 2,
Chaps. 5 and 6), but also introduces theexploration works on the
complexity of soft matters in methods of systemscience(Chap. 4).
Soft matters is a bridge between hard matters andcomplex systems
that show characteristics of deterministic chaos in nature.As a
"model animal"(a mouse, if you prefer) in soft
matters,electrorheological(ER) fluids are introduced. While the
properties andmechanisms of static ER effect are summerized(Chap.
5), this textbookputs its emphasis on the dynamic ER
effects(Chap.6). The Onsagerprinciple of least energy dissipation
rate is adapted in the textbook to seehow it governs the Optimal
paths of a system's deviation from andrestoration to equilibrium.
As another model animal, granular media isintroduced(Chap. 7) to
explain the thermodynamics of sands and itsdynamics such as
compartmentalization, pattern formation, and granu!arflow. Since
many soft matters consist of light atoms, neutron scatteringappears
useful as, a powerful tool and is worth
mentioning(Chap.3),especially when a splashing neutron source is
being erected in China.Soft matter physics is full of
unknowns(Chap. 1) as the subject is still at itsinfancy, making it
highly attractive. If you like a challenging subject, youwill most
certainly fall in love with soft matter physics at first sight!
Chapter 1 Major Characters of Soft Matters
1.1 Why Soft Matters
1.1.1 Why should study soft matter physics
1.1.2 The interests of soft matter physics
1.2 Classifications of Soft Matters
1.2.1 Complex fluids
1.2.2 Basic concepts of non-Newtonian fluids
1.2.3 Major characteristics of non-Newtonian fluids
1.3 Self-Organization of Soft Matters
1.3.1 Scale invariance
1.3.2 Entropy driven self-organization
1.3.3 Measurements of depletion effect
1.3.4 Calculations of depletion effect
1.4 Modern Methods Used in the Study of Complex
Systems
References
Chapter2 Basic Interactions in Soft Matters
2.1 Intramo]ecular Interactions
2.1.1 Ionic bonds
2.1.2 Covalent bonds
2.1.3 Metallic bonds
2.1.4 Hydrogen bonds
2.2 Intermo]ecu]ar Interaction
Chapter 3 Structure Determination of Soft Matters
Chapter 4 Complexity of Soft Matters
Chapter 5 Static Electrorheological Effects
Chapter 6 Dynamic Electrorheological Effects
Chapter 7 Granular Systems
Index
本书深入浅出，对软物质进行了详细介绍。