人类、发展与文化多样性
2011-6
知识产权出版社
黄忠彩
174
280000
The International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological
Sciences (IUAES) was established on August 23， 1948， when it
merged， in fact， with the Intemational Congress of Anthropological
and Ethnological Sciences (ICAES)， which was founded in 1934. The
latter was the product of various Congresses ofAnthropological
Sciences， starting in 1865.
The IUAES is one of the member organizations of the International
Social Science Council (ISSC) and also of the Intemational Council
for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies (CIPSH). The IUAES is also a
member of the Intemational Council of Scientific Uruons (ICSU). Its
aim is to enhance exchange and communication among scholars of
all
regions of the world， in a collective effort to expand human
knowledge. In this way it hopes to contribute to a better
understanding of human society， and to a sustainable future based
on harmony between nature and culture. The IUAES once noted a draft
statement on the future of world anthropology in “Current
Anthropology” (1979)： “The scope of
anthropology in terms of areas of human interest includes such
critical issues of the contemporary world as problems of
environmental management， pressure for the progressive reduction of
disparities and the restructuring of the world order， the future of
the nation-state， ethnic pluralism and the future of national
society， and the harmonization of the roles and functions
ofinstitutions with the basic and derived biological and psychic
drives of man”. The IUAES itself consists of national and
institutional organizations in more than 50 countries in all parts
of the world， and also includes some hund：reds of individual
members. The research effort and involvement of the IUAES is
principally arranged by its scientific commissions， of which，
currently， there are twenty-seven， and each of which concentrates
on some area of anthropological interest.They included ethnic
relations， aging and the aged， women， children， youth， migration，
epidemiology and Aids，tourism， primatology， linguistics， and so
on.
1. Aging and the Aged
Perspectives of Aging in Diverse Cultures
Feminization of Aging and Gender Issues: Asia Region
2. Children, Youth and Childhood
Transfer of Knowledge and Children Agency:Reconstructing the
Paradigms of Socialization
Female Child Migration and Trafficking in Asia
Youth and Identity
Childhood, Child Labour and Globalization
3. Cultural Diversity
Cultural Diversity in Building a Harmonious Society
Power-Sharing in Multi-ethnic States
Negotiating Cultural Diversity: Representations of Alterity,
Nationalisms and Hybridity
Managing Diversity: Comparisons of Approaches to Multicultural
Diversity
4. Enterprise Anthropology
Enterprises Anthropology: Review and Prospect
5. Ethnic Development and Social Assessments
Making a Difference? Social Assessments and the Role of Social
Scientists in Development and Investment
Ethnic Development Research & Culture and Protection of the
Cultural Heritage
6. Ethnicity and Ethnic Identities
Contemporary Ethnological Research on Ethnicity-Theory, Policy
and
Case Studies
Representing Ethnicity: Dynamics of Practice and Research
Race and Ethnicity Through the Lens of Economics, Sociology and
Public Policy
Chinese and East Asian Nations
7. Food and Nutrition
Global Variation in Human Growth and Nutrition
8. Human Ecology
Pattems of Human Growth Months-of-Birlh Effect on Human Growth and
Development
9. Human Mobility and Cultural Diversity: Perspectives from
Empirical and Comparative Studies of Chinese and International
Migration
10. Human Rights
Indigenous People: Struggle for Survival
Health for All: Relevance oflndigenous Wisdom and Knowledge
Human Security, Disadvantaged People and Development: The
Emerging
Challenges in the Era of Globalization
Religion, Communalism and Human Rights
Human Rights: Emerging Challenges in the Global South and the
Global North
Peace, Conflict Transformation and Sustainable Development in
Multi-ethnic Asia
Human Right and Multi Cultural Society Continuum:A Global
Approach
11. Indigenous Knowledge
Indigenous Knowledge and Sustainable Development
12. Legal Anthropology and Legal Pluralism .
Four Patterns of State Response: Addressing Economic, Ecological,
Social,
Political and Religious Problems in the Context of Legal
Pluralism
13. Linguistic Anthropology
Linguistic and Cultural Diversity Awareness: On-Going Changes
in
Endangered Languages
Issues of Language Endangerment
Language Change and Ecological Environment
14. Migration Anthropology
Culture, Migration and Transaction in Globalizing Asia
Labor Migration and Social Mobility in Asia and Pacific
Region
15. Nomadic Peoples Studies
Change and Development in Pastoral Society
Changes in Grassland Environment and Livelihood of Herders
16. Religious Studies
Pilgrimage Landscape, Cosmogram and Planning the Heritage
Cities
Ethnography of Russia and Central Asia: Inter-ethnic,
Inter-cultural and Inter-religious Relationships
……
The session “Perspectives of Aging in Diverse Cultures” by the Commission on Aging and the Aged met on 29th July， 2009 morning and had a fruitful session of presentations and academic exchanges. The session was attended by about 20 participants； five out of the six speakers listed in the program gave presentations. One speaker， Dr Mahmudul Hasan from Bangladesh was absent from the session due to the delay in his visa approval. The session began with the presentation by Dr Marie Wallace from Pima College (USA) titled “successful Aging in Native North America： A Tribal Approach to Ensuring Value of Their Aged Population”. She described a successful social service model for elders in a North American Indian community which presented a sharp contrast to services offered to the elderly in mainstream US societ)r. Compared with the mainstream US society， she concluded that the tribal approach is able to facilitate successful aging because they were structurally flexible and adaptable， valued personal engagement between elders and workers， and were culturally inflected. The successful service model， in ensuring that the elderly continue to play an active role in the community as cultural transmitters， provides a valuable construct to the mainstream services for the aged which often devalues the aged as they are detached from intergenerational and community connections. The second presentation by Dr Leng Leng THANG (National University of Singapore) gave an ethnographic analysis about positive changes in attitudes towards the aged among a group of college students as they went through an intergenerational service learning module. Although the students came to the course with little understanding of and interest in aging，after the 13-week course which included visits to age-integrated centres and a hands-on project to design and implement an intergenerational program in the community， students found that they began to “discover” the existence of the elderly around them and started to take an interest oftheir own grandparents as well. The third presentation by Dr Yuki Yokohama of Mie Chukyo Univeristy (Japan) described a traditional exchange activity in a small island called Toshilsland in Japan. This activity called “Neyako” is a unique system available only on the island and has been in practice for more than a century. Although they have their own parents， many high school students there would spend their time together living with host families called “Neyaoya”，who will take care of them until the members are married. The “Neyako” tradition has received much media attention in Japan recently and this is believed to be due to the rise of communication problems among people and the trend of social isolation experienced especially by the elderly. The adoption of “Neyako” has been considered as one possible solution to the communication problems facing Japanese. The presenter enlightened the audience with visual recordings of the “Neyako” system in Toshi Island， including interviews of the students and host famiLies who praise the usefulness of the system in promoting social network and communications. Dr Marsha Smith from Augustana College (USA) next presented about intergenerational tensions and exchanges between older Wuhan women and their children. The presentation was derived from a research in Wuhan with 126 women who were participants of the University of the Elderly in Wuhan. The stories revealed a strong sense of optimism about the future among them， although at the same time these women expressed worries about how the changing economy and social policies in China will affect the economic and social support networks they have been maintaining with their children. ……
