当代研究生英语阅读教程2
2009-9
高等教育出版社
施发敏 编
291
《当代研究生英语阅读教程》（Active English Reading floor Postgrmjuates）是根据《非英语专业研究生英语教学大纲》和当代研究生英语发展及时代要求的原则，本着有效地提高学生的英语阅读能力、全面提升研究生英语语言素养的目的而编写的。 语言文化知识的获取离不开真实的语言学习环境。中国学生在本土学习英语，要想创建真实的语言环境并非易事，而阅读是语言和文化学习的重要手段和途径。通过阅读，学生可以身临其境，获取大量语言知识，从而发展和提升英语综合应用能力。与此同时，通过广泛接触内容丰富、文体不同的文章，学生会进一步扩大和掌握英语词汇，熟悉各种语言现象和写作技巧，全面提升整体英语水平。 为此，我们特地编写了《当代研究生英语阅读教程》。该教程内容经过严格的筛选和科学的设计，在选材、内容编排、练习设计等方面体现以下特点。既注重时代性，又突出经典性 注重时代性。本教程很多文章选自近年国外权威的报刊、杂志，具有鲜明的时代感，主要体现在选择当今社会的热门话题，例如：能源危机、环境保护、国际经济、金融海啸、器官再造等，主题丰富，语言地道，既体现时代特色，又注重文化内涵及思想深意，反映时代发展，展现语言魅力。 突出经典性。在注重时代性的同时，本教程也注重从经典的英文原版著作中选材，内容涉及哲学、经济学、文学、历史、文化、心理学等方面，充分体现其经典性。通过阅读这些文章，学生可充分体验经典的魅力。
本教程分为两册，本书为第2册。本教材内容新颖、材料真实、题材广泛，涉及工业、农业、文学、医学、艺术、历史、科学、教育、能源、环境、社会等36个主题。选文兼顾不同学科，融知识性、趣味性和可读性于一体。为更好地体现可读性和趣味性，编者特地安排了4个“轻松阅读”单元，相信将会极大地激发学生的兴趣，让学生在感知英语语言魅力的同时，其科学素养和人文精神在潜移默化中得到培养。
Unit 1 Food and Diet
Part Ⅰ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
Food: Past and Present
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Passage 1 A New Diet Equation
Passage 2 Diet, Nutrition and Healthy Living
Passage 3 Cancer and Diet
Unit 2 Archaeology
Part Ⅰ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
Excavating an Ancient Egyptian Tomb
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension ( Reading in Depth)
Passage 1 Troy Uncovered
Passage 2 Pompeii: Buried in Ages
Passage 3 Machu Picchu Archaeological Sites
Unit 3 Medicine
Part Ⅰ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
A Brief History of Medicine
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Passage 1 The Controversy over Human Cloning
Passage 2 Natural Medicine -- The Way Home
Passage 3 How to Build a Body Part
Unit 4 Space
Part Ⅰ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
When Galaxies Collide
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Passage 1 Transient Lunar Phenomena
Passage 2 Water, Flash Floods and New Possibilities for Life
on Mars
Passage 3 The Salyut Experience
Unit 5 History
Part Ⅰ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
Rome: From Republic to Empire
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Passage 1 Anglo-Saxon England
Passage 2 The Enlightenment
Passage 3 Victorian Era
Unit 6 Biography
Part Ⅰ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
An American Storyteller: Ernest Hemingway
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Passage 1 Johannes Kepler
Passage 2 Napoleon -- Downfall and Legend
Passage 3 Tchaikovsky and Madame von Meck
Unit 7 Leisure Reading(Ⅲ)
Passage 1 Beauty Is in the Eye of the Beholder
Passage 2 The Trial of O. J. Simpson
Passage 3 That Lean and Hungry Look
Passage 4 An Excerpt from Jane Eyre
Unit 8 Economics
Part Ⅰ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
What Is Economics?
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension {Reading in Depth)
Passage 1 Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations
Passage 2 Karl Marx's Economic Conceptions
Passage 3 John Maynard Keynes
Unit 9 Materials Science
Part Ⅰ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
A Brief History of Materials
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension {Reading in Depth)
Passage 1 The Age of Superstuff
Passage 2 Superconductor Search: a Race and an Obsession
Passage 3 The Future of Nanomaterials
Unit 10 Philosophy
Part Ⅰ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
What Is Philosophy?
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Passage 1 Socratic Method
Passage 2 Rene Descartes' Dualism and Rationalism
Passage 3 Brief Introduction to Kant
Unit 11 Law
Part Ⅰ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
An Introduction to Law
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Passage 1 Origins of Common Law
Passage 2 The American Jury System: Standing in the Way of
Justice7
Passage 3 Nuremberg Trials
Unit 12 Education
Part Ⅰ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
The University and Society
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Passage 1 Set Universities Free
Passage 2 Requirements for Completion in U.S. Graduate Schools
Passage 3 Bertrand Russell on Education
Unit 13 Sports
Part Ⅰ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
Social Aggregates and Cultural Influences in the Rise of Sport
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Passage 1 Good Sports
Passage 2 Spectator Sports Reflect America's Melting Pot
Passage 3 How David Stern and Michael Jordan May Have
Destroyed the NBA
Unit 14 Leisure Reading(Ⅳ)
Passage 1 King Edward Ⅷ Abdicated for Love
Passage 2 Love Is a Fallacy (Part Ⅰ)
Passage 3 Love Is a Fallacy (Part Ⅱ)
Passage 4 An Excerpt from Death in the Afternoon
Unit 15 Entertainment
Part Ⅰ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
The Beatles
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Passage 1 Is the Web the Future of Entertainment?
Passage 2 A History of Oscar's Ups and Downs
Passage 3 Soap Opera
Unit 16 Book Review
Part Ⅰ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension ( Reading in Depth)
Passage 1 Confessions by Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Passage 2 Vanity Fair by William Thackeray
Passage 3 Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman
Unit 17 Computer and Internet
Part Ⅰ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
Computer Science
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Passage 1 Life on the Net
Passage 2 Alienation and the Internet
Passage 3 Crime in Cyberspace
Unit 18 Architecture
Part Ⅰ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
European Architecture: History and Styles
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Passage I The Castles of Europe
Passage 2 Islamic Architecture
Passage 3 Modern Architecture: Reaching for the Sky
Unit 19 Management
Part Ⅰ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
Management Strategies in Competing with Japan
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Passage 1 Chaos Theory of Management
Passage 2 Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory
Passage 3 Scenario Planning
Unit 20 Psychology
Part Ⅰ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
Freudian Psychology and Psychoanalysis
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Passage 1 Dreams: Night School
Passage 2 Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Passage 3 The New Word on Gossip
Keys
References
Ominous as they sound, these are all precancerous changes, and the body is well equipped tohandle them. To qualify as cancer, a lesion must undergo a second stage of development, known aspromotion. If the right fuels are on hand, the transformed cells may replicate aggressively, creating avisible mass within months. Without a network of blood vessels to deliver nutrients and oxygen, itwont grow much larger than a pea. But sometimes a small tumor will spit out growth factors thatprompt nearby arteries to send out new branches, or capillaries. And once the tumor has its ownblood supply, the odds of a reversal are slim. "Potential cancers are regressing all the time," saysepidemiologist Linda Koo of the American Health Foundation. Not so vascularized tumors. Theytend to invade neighboring tissues and, worse yet, seed the bloodstream with malignant cells thatlodge and flourish in other parts of the body. What does food have to do with all this？ Quite a bit, by most estimates. "Humans put two tothree pounds of food into their bodies every day," says Koo. "Its our greatest contact with theenvironment. " Population studies have consistently linked a high intake of plant foods to a low riskof cancer. And as molecular biologists have discovered during the past decade, the compoundscontained in those foods can work in very specific ways to block the development of tumors. No oneis holding up green tea and garlic as adequate treatments for advanced disease. The goal of the newprevention diets is to reduce the need for such treatments. As Gaynor puts it, eating the right foods is"as specific to stopping cancer before it starts as wearing a seat belt is to lowering your risk of a fatalautomobile accident. " Fruits and vegetables are loaded with antioxidants. Vitamins C, E and beta carotene can allhelp neutralize the free radicals that degrade cellular DNA. They even help protect each other,Vitamin C preventing oxidative damage to Vitamin E, and Vitamin E blocking the oxidation of betacarotene. But vitamins are just the beginning of the antioxidant story; researchers have recentlyidentified several plant chemicals that may have far stronger effects. Grapes and red wine are rich inan antioxidant called resveratrol, which reduced the incidence of skin tumors in mice by 88 percent inone recent study. Green tea contains several potent antioxidant chemicals known as polyphenols.Researchers estimate that one of them, a compound called EGCG, has 20 times the radical-quenchingeffect of vitamin E, and 500 times the effect of vitamin C.
