中国
2009-7
外文出版社
钟欣 编
239
China is an ancient country possessing many world-class heritagesites such as the Great Wall, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of QinShi Huang, the Palace Museum and the Suzhou gardens, as well asworld-famous ancient luminaries including the great educator Confuciusand the author of Art of War, Sun Wu, among many others.Sixty years have passed since the announcement of the foundingof the People's Republic of China on the Tian'anmen Rostrum in 1949.Over the past 60 years, the People's Republic has shown its resolutevitality to the whole world. In particular, bold endeavors through over 30 years of reform and opening-up have helped China's economy realize steady and rapid growth. China has achieved a total transformation from silent isolation to a remarkable rise which has attracted the world's attention, focusing not only on China's ancient culture, but also toward its present and future.China is a primer to help international readers acquire a better understanding of China. While maintaining certain basic historical facts and general information, it offers the latest facts and figures on every facet of China, including its international contacts, cultural exchanges,economic growth, environmental protection, developments in science and technology, social progress, and improvements of people's livelihood, with the aim of assisting readers toward a wider and deeper knowledge of China.
China is a primer to help internationalreaders acquire a better understandingof China. While maintaining certain basichistorical facts and general information， itoffers the latest facts and figures on everyfacet of China， including its internationalcontacts， cultural exchanges， economicgrowth， environmental protection，developments in science and technology，social progress， and improvements ofpeople's livelihood.
Fast Facts Location of the People's Republic of China National Flag, Emblem and Anthem State LeadersLand and Resources Land Area Mountain Ranges Plateaus Plains Basins Rivers Lakes Climate Land Mineral Resources Plants and AnimalsHistory Ancient Civilization Unification and Dissemination of Civilization Post-17th-century Changes Some Key Figures in Chinese History Some Key Events in Chinese History After the 17th CenturyAdministrative Divisions and Cities Administrative Divisions Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Macao Special Administrative Region Taiwan Urbanization ProcessPopUlation and Ethnicity Population Population Increment Ethnic Groups Spoken and Written Languages Traditional Festivals ReligionPolitical System and State Structure The Constitution Political System National People's Congress Presidency State Council Central Military Commission Local People's Congresses and Local People's Governments People's Courts People's Procuratorates Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Political Parties and Other Organizations People's ArmyChina and the WordEconomyEnvironmental ProtectionEducation and ScienceLife and CultureEvents in 200860 Years of the People's RepublicAppendix
插图：Kangxi （1654-1722）, the best known emperor of theQing Dynasty （1644-1911）, restored the central empire'srule over Taiwan, and resisted invasions by tsarist Russia.To reinforce the administration of Tibet, he also formu-lated the rules and regulations on the confirmation ofthe Tibetan local leaders by the Central Government. Heeffectively administered more than 11 million sq km ofChinese territory. During the early 19th century, the QingDynasty declined rapidly. Britain smuggled large quanti-ties of opium into China, leading to the Qing governmentimposing a ban on the drug. To protect its opium trade, Britain launched a war ofaggression against China in 1840, forcing the Qing government to sign the Treatyof Nanjing, a treaty of national betrayal and humiliation. Many countries, includingBritain, the United States, France, Russia and Japan, coerced the Qing govern-ment to sign various unequal treaties, cede territory and pay reparations followingthe Opium Wars. China was gradually relegated to the status of a semi-colonial,semi-feudal country.The Revolution of 1911 led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen was one of the greatest eventsin modern Chinese history, as it overthrew the Qing Dynasty that had ruled forsome 270 years, ended over 2,000 years of feudal monarchy, and establishedthe Republic of China.From 1911 to 1949 China endured a large number of civil wars. Owing to thecooperation and joint resistance of the Communist Party of China （CPC） and theKuomintang, the Japanese aggressors were defeated in the War of Resistanceagainst Japanese Aggression （1937-1945）.The People's Republic of China was founded on October 1, 1949. Throughjust 60 years of struggle, explore and reform, as the party in power, the CPC hassucceeded in bringing about a stable political situation, with steady economicprosperity, providing ample food and clothing, and active diplomatic engage-ment, as the world's most populous developing country.
《中国(英文)》：Fast FactsLand and ResourcesHistoryAdministrative Divisions and CitiesPopulation and EthnicityPolitical System and State StructureChina and the WorldEconomyEnvironmental ProtectionEducation and ScienceLife and CultureEvents in 200860 Years of the People's Republic
