医学分子病毒学纲要
2005-8
复旦大学出版社
闻玉梅等
179
This book provides a key for students to open the door to medical molecular virology， and therefore it only introduces the important themes of medical molecular virology. Questions are included between sections in all chapters， but with no "standard" answers. These questions are raised to prompt active and innovative discussion. The contents of this book are divided into two parts. The first 9 chapters introduce the important aspects of general medical molecular virology. Some chapters ask questions like "What is a virus?" "Are virus and cells interdependent?" "Is persistent virus infection a favorable balance?" "Why are there so many types of illterferons?" "Why is virus nomenclature important?" Other chapters describe viral oncogenesis，antiviral development， vaccines and prions. The latter three chapters describe selected individual viruses， which cover the RNA viruses（influenza virus， enteroviruses， Hantaan virus and flaviviruses）， the RNA-DNA intermediate viruses （human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus）， and DNA viruses （herpesviruses， human papilloma viruses，adenoviruses and poxviruses）. It is hoped that by reading this book and by participating in discussions，the students will be interested in a further reading， and a list of reading materials is suggested at the end of each chapter.
Yu-Mei Wen, graduated from Shanghai First Medical College, China, was a WHO Fellow at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK, and was a Fogarty FelIow at Hepatitis Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, NlAID, National lnstitutes of Health, Bethesda,USA. Her main research interest is in molecular virology and immunology of hepatitis B virus, and published 210 articIes in journals home and abroad. She has been teaching virology to medical students for more than 30 years, and this book is written to stimulate original thinking in her students. Philip P Mortimer, former director of the Virus Reference Division of the Public Health Laboratory Service, UK. His main interest have been in blood borne viruses and in the application of technical advances in viraI diagnosis to clinical and public health problems. He has published 150 original articles and reviews in peer reviewed journals. Jia-you Zhang, associate professor at the Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics,University of Kentucky, USA. Awarded PhD by the University of Texas at Austin. He was a postdoctoraI fellow under the tutorship of late Prof. Temin at the University of Wisconsin-Madison where he estabIished a model for formation of a transducing retrovirus by non-homologous recombination.His main interest is in retroviraI recombination. He has published papers in Science, Molecular CelluIar Biology and the Journal of Virology.
Table of ContentsChapter 1 Is a virus just a packet of genes?Chapter 2 Viruses and host cells -- Are they interdependent?Chapter 3 Persistent virus infection -- a favorabIe balance or not?Chapter 4 Why are there so many types of intederons?Chapter 5 Viral oncogenesis -- an unexpected outcome of virus infectionChapter 6 Antiviral drug deveIopment -- hopes and disappointmentsChapter 7 Vaccines -- an outstanding successChapter 8 Prions -- a challenge to dogmaChapter 9 Why is virus nomenclature important?Chapter 10 RNA viruses10. 1 Influenza virus -- an example of virus mutationsl0. 2 Enteroviruses -- multiple Organ-targetingl0. 3 Hantaan virus -- immunopathogenesisl0. 4 Flaviviruses -- the old and the new comesChapter 11 RNA-DNA intermediate viruses11. 1 Human immunodeficiency -- a current plague11. 2 Hepatitis B virus -- a virus of great concernChapter 12 DNA virusesl2. 1 Herpes viruses and viral latencyl2. 2 Human papilloma viruses -- potetial for oncogenesisl2. 3 Adenovirus -- dual roles as a pathogen and a gene theray vectorl2. 4 Poxviruses -- alert against bioterrorism
Why is virus nomenclature important? Introduction Viruses infect virtually every other organism in nature, and they display a diversity of structures, life cycles and functions. The taxono- my of viruses reveals both the complexity of these organisms and the uniqueness of individual virus species. Taxonomy is a scientific disci- pline with which many virologists are unfamiliar, and, in fact, the unique nature of. viruses has defied the strict application of many of the traditional tools of taxonomy as applied to other biological disciplines. Viruses must therefore be considered as a distinct and separate, group of organisms. The ICTV （ the international committee on taxonomy of viruses）, a Committee of the Virology Division of the International Union of Microbiological Societies was established in 1966, and its objectives are to develop an intemationaUy agreed taxonomy and nomen- clature for viruses, to maintain an index of virus names, and then to communicate the proceedings of the committee to the international community of virologists. Scientists specialized in specific virus fami- lies are invited to compile scientific information on viruses, to update, to discuss and finally to make decisions on the classification of virus families, genera and species. The ICTV publishes an update on virus taxonomy at approximately 3-year intervals. If we look back to the history of taxonomy of viruses, we find the earliest taxonomy was based on the hosts of viruses, namely, bacteriophages, plant viruses, and animal viruses. Following that, since virus infections are transmitted by various routes and the infections show dif- ferent clinical manifestations, viruses were grouped for teaching purposes , especially in medicine , according to the different routes they were transmitted and the diseases the induced.
