牡丹亭
2009-9
中国出版集团，中国对外翻译出版公司
汤显祖
283
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中国历史上有四大古典诗剧：元代的《西厢记》，明代的《牡丹亭》，清代的《长生殿》和《桃花扇》。《西厢记》写爱情和封建思想的矛盾，《牡丹亭》更进一步，写爱情的生死斗争。如果说《西厢记》中爱情战胜了父母之命的封建思想，那么，《牡丹亭》中杜丽娘还魂，起死回生，可以说是爱情战胜了死亡。和这四大诗剧差不多同时，西方有莎士比亚的历史悲剧可以和中国的古典诗剧先后媲美。一般说来，《西厢记》写张生和莺莺的爱情，舞台本到第四折的“草桥惊梦”为止，以情人的生离作结。莎剧《罗蜜欧与朱丽叶》比《西厢记》约晚一二百年，写罗朱的青春恋和家族的矛盾，以情人的死别作结。生离死别，都是人生悲剧。但《西厢记》五折本以张生和莺莺的婚配结束，说明古代中国人对大团圆的爱好；莎剧却写情人的死亡化解了家族的矛盾，显示了以理化情的趋势，从中可以看出中西文化发展的不同。《牡丹亭》的作者汤显祖和莎士比亚是同代人。
《牡丹亭》是明代大曲家汤显祖的代表作，与《西厢记》、《长生殿》、《桃花扇》一起被誉为“四大名剧”，它们体现了我国古代戏剧作品的最高成就。汤显祖描写杜丽娘的美貌很成功，而描写杜丽娘的感情和理想的那些片段更具魅力。通过杜丽娘的形象，《牡丹亭》表达了当时广大男女青年要求个性解放，要求爱情自由、婚姻自主的呼声，并且暴露了封建礼教对人们幸福生活和美好理想的摧残。
前言第一本第一出 标目第二出 言怀第三出 训女第四出 腐叹第五出 延师第二本第一出 怅眺第二出 闺塾第三出 肃苑第四出 惊梦第三本第一出 慈戒第二出 寻梦第三出 诀谒第四出 写真第四本第一出 诘病第二出 诊祟第三出 闹殇第四出 冥判第五本第一出 拾画第二出 玩真第三出 魂游第四出 幽媾第五出 欢挠
Chen: A girl student should get up at cocks crow, wash her face, rinse her mouth, brush her teeth, comb her hair and pay respect to her parents. When the sun is up, she shall attend to her work. Now your work is to study, so you must get up early. Belle: I will not be late any more. Fragrant: And I will not go to bed tonight but wait at midnight for you to teach us. Chen: Have you gone over the verse I taught you yesterday？ Belle: Yes, I have. Will you please explain it today？ Chen: Read the text first. Belie: By riverside are cooing A pair of turtledoves. A good young man is wooing A fair maiden he loves. Chen: Now listen please. Turtledove is a bird which represents love and cooing its love call. Fragrant: How will it call？ （Chen imitates the cooing and Fragrant echoes with a funny sound.） Chen: The turtledove is a gentle bird living by the riverside. Fragrant: Oh, I understand. I remember it happened yesterday or the day before, this year or last year, that a turtledove kept in the cage was set free by our young mistress and it flew to the river and sighed. Chen: Nonsense！ A pair of turtledoves is evocative. It will make us think of a pair of lovers. Fragrant: A pair of what？
中华文明是世界上唯一历时五千年未曾中断且历久弥新的文明，成就了这一文明的中华文化源远流长、博大精深。本丛书从浩如烟海的中华文化古籍中精选在历史上影响至巨且深为西方读者瞩目的经典，作为了解中国传统文化的必读书目，在保持当下最新的学术研究水准的前提下.以汉英对照版本，让国内外读者一睹古代典籍的原貌，原汁原味地汲取中华文明的精华和真谛。 芭蕉叶上雨难留，芍药梢头风欲收。画意无明偏着眼，春光有路暗抬头。 Chinese civilization is the only civilization in the world that has been developing continuously for 5，000 years and is as dynamic as it has ever been. The books in this series have been carefully selected from a vast number of Chinese classics that were enormously influ- ential throughout history， and have received considerable attention from Western readers. Since these books are fundamental to the understanding of traditional Chinese culture， both the Chinese texts and the corre- sponding English translations are provided so that the highest current standards of academic research can be maintained. This allows both Chinese and foreign people to read original ancient Chinese books and capture the essence of Chinese civilization.
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