低熟油气形成机理与分布
1997-9
石油工业出版社
王铁冠 等 著
219
At the beginning of 1970， well-known French geochemist B. P.Tissot et al.had synthesized and summed up the scientific results of predecessors. He therefore proposed a theoretical model of hydrocarbon generation by the late thermal degradation of kerogen， revealed generation， evaluation and distribution regularities for conventional crude oil and natural gas. The model established by Tissot has been internationally accepted in petroleum geological circles， fruitfully used to direct the explorative practice of conventional petroleum in the world， and become a geo-logical basis to establish petroleum evaluation methods. Early in the 1980s， Chinese petroleum geological circles adopted Tissot’s model and successfully accomplished the first national petroleum resources assessment. Based on this theoretical model， after burial depth of kercgen in source rock is up to the hydrocarbon-generating threshold （ usually indicated by a vitrinite reflectance Ro value of 0. 5 ％ ） ，hydrocarbon starts to be generated. While entering oil peak （corresponding Ro value is around 0.8-1.0% ） ，a large amount of petroleum would be formed. Howev-er， it is commonly believed that if do not enter oil peak， source rocks would only generate limited crude oil. Ones not reaching the threshold would be referred to immature source rocks or non-source rocks. Meanwhile， petroleum geochemists have also establish a series of molecular indicators for determining maturity of crude oils and extractable organic matter （EOM） in source rocks. In most cases， the above concept seems to be feasible， especially for petroleum exploration in marine strata. Therefore， explorers do not take immature source rock contribution into account， and ignore the possibility to search for petroleum resources in the shallow strata around the threshold depth or in shallow basins for a considerable period.
Chapter 1 Occurrence of Immature Hydrocarbon Resources1.1 Known Immature Hydrocarbon Occurrence Outside China1.2 0ccurrence and Status of Immature Hydrocarbon Resources in ChinaChapter 2 Characteristics of Macerals in Immature Source Rocks2.1 Chemical Fundamentals of Hydrocarbon Generation from Macerals2.2 Petrographic Characteristics of Macerals2.3 Maceral Composition of Immature Source Rocks2.4 Analysis of Perhydrous Macerals Forming Immature HydrocarbonsChapter 3 Extractable Organic Matter （EOM） Analysis of Immature Source Rocks3.1 Gross Composition of EOM3.2 Saturated Fraction Composition3.3 Aromatic Fraction Compositio3.4 Total Hydrocarbon Fraction Composition and Source Input Analysis3.5 Non-Hydrocarbon Fraction Composition3.6 Stable Carbon Isotopic Composition in EOMsChapter 4 Type and Abundance of Organic Matter in Immature Source Rocks4.1 Type of Organic Matter4.2 Abundance of Organic Matter4.3 Criteria for Immature Source Rock EvaluationChapter 5 Thermal Evolution of Organic Matter and Stages of Hydrocarbons Generation for5.1 0ptical Indicators for Organic Evolution5.2 Chemical Indicators for Organic Evolution5.3 Stages of Organic EvolutionChapter 6 Compaction of Immature Source Rocks and Expulsion and Migration of Immature Hydrocarbons6.1 Compaction Features6.2 Dynamic and Direction of Primary Migration of Immature Hydrocarbons6.3 Analyses of Burial History and Hydrocarbon Expulsion Phase6.4 Approach to Primary Migration Models of Immature HydrocarbonsChapter 7 Physical-Chemical Properties and Identification of Immature Hydrocarbons7.1 Immature Gas and Its Physical-Chemical Properties7.2 Physical Properties of Immature Oils7.3 Chemical Compositions of Immature Oils7.4 Identification and Genetic Types of Immature OilsChapter 8 Geologjcal and Geochemical Regularities of Immature Hydrocarbon Generation8.1 Basic Characteristics of Petroleum Geology8.2 Analysis of Source Material for Hydrocarbon Generation8.3 Geochemical Mechanism of Early Hydrocarbon GenerationChapter 9 Early Genetic Mechanisms of Hydrocarbons from Some Specific Perhydrous Macerals in Coal-bearing Strata9.1 Early Genetic Mechanism of Hydrocarbon from Suberinite-A Case Study of Turpan Basin9.2 Early Genetic Mechanism of Hydrocarbons from Resinite-A Case Study of Xihu SagChapter 10 Early Genetic Mecharusm of Hydrocarbons from Bacteria-reworked Terrestrial Organic Matter-Case Studies of Banqiao Sag and Jinggu Basin10.1 Geological Setting10.2 Analysis of Source Material for Hydrocarbon Generation10.4 The Stages of Organic Evolution10.5 Mechanism and Model of Hydrocarbon GenerationChapter 11 Early Genetic Me chanism of Hydrocarbons from Biolipids-A Case Study of Subei Basin11.2 Analysis of Source Material for Hydrocarbon Generation11.4 The Stages of Organic Evolution11.5 Mechanism and Model of Hydrocarbon GenerationChapter 12 Early Genetic Mechanism of Hydrocarbons from Sulfur-rich Macromolecules- Case Studies of Denan Subsag and Jianghan Basin12.1 Geological Setting12.2 Analysis of Source Material for Hydrocarbon Generation12.4 The Stages of Organic Evolution12.5 Mechanism and Model of Hydrocarbon GenerationReferencesPlate and Explanatory Notes
