伏尔泰讽刺小说老实人
2009-1
中国书籍出版社
伏尔泰
185
徐向英
无
《伏尔泰讽刺小说：老实人》作者伏尔泰(Voltaire，1694-1778)是十八世纪法国资产阶级启蒙运动的旗手，著名的思想家、文学家、哲学家。《伏尔泰讽刺小说：老实人》是伏尔泰的代表作，其主题是批判盲目乐观主义哲学。小说的主人公老实人开始相信他老师的乐观主义哲学；在这个世界上，一切事物都是完美的。但是残酷的社会现实粉碎了他的梦想。他终于认识到社会的残酷和冷漠，开始相信人生应该通过劳动来获得幸福。老实人行为愚蠢可笑。作者笔调冷静、从容，给人一种强烈的震撼。
伏尔泰（Voltaire，1694-1778）是十八世纪法国资产阶级启蒙运动的旗手，著名的思想家、文学家、哲学家。
第一章 老实人在一座华丽的城堡里被抚养成人后来被驱逐出去第二章 老实人在保加利亚的遭遇第三章 老实人逃离保加利亚及随后的遭遇第四章 老实人再次遇到庞格罗斯先生及其遭遇第五章 庞格罗斯博士、老实人、再浸礼教徒雅克遭遇暴风雨、海难、地震等灾难第六章 葡萄牙人是如何举办庄重的火刑典礼以阻止未来地震的发生，老实人如何被当众鞭打第七章 老妇人照顾老实人老实人遇上他的所爱第八章 古内宫的故事第九章 古内宫、老实人、大判官和犹太人之间的事第十章 老实人、古内宫和老妇人到达卡迪士后的遭遇，他们又如何上船第十一章 老妇人往事第十二章 老妇人往事(续)第十三章 老实人被迫离开美丽的古内宫小姐和老妇人第十四章 老实人和卡坎波在巴拉圭受到耶稣会士接待第十五章 老实人杀死他亲爱的古内宫小姐的哥哥第十六章 两位旅行者的遭遭，他们带着两个姑娘，两只猴子和一个叫奥莱伦的野蛮人第十七章 老实人和他的侍从到达厄尔多拉多第十八章 厄尔多拉多见闻第十九章 在苏里南的遭遇以及老实人如何认识马丁第二十章 老实人和马丁海上的遭遇第二十一章 老实人的君士坦丁堡之行第二十二章 老实人再次找到古内宫小姐和老妇人第二十三章 结局
Lisbon had been made on purpose for the Anabaptist to bedrowned there. While he was proving his argument a priori,the ship foundered, and the whole crew perished, exceptPangloss, Candide, and the sailor who had been the meansof drowning the good Anabaptist. The villain swam ashore;but Pangloss and Candide reached the land upon a plank. As soon as they had recovered from their surprise andfatigue they walked towards Lisbon; with what little moneythey had left they thought to save themselves from starvingafter having escaped drowning. Scarcely had they ceased to lament the loss of theirbenefactor and set foot in the city when they perceived thatthe earth trembled under their feet, and thesea, swellingand foaming in the harbor, began dashing in pieces thevessels that were riding at anchor there. Large sheets offlames and cinders covered the streets and public places;the houses tottered, and were tumbled topsy-turvy even totheir foundations, which were themselves destroyed, andthirty thousand inhabitants of both sexes, young and old,were buried beneath the ruins. The sailor, whistling and swearing, cried," Damn it,theres something to be got here." "What can be the sufficient reason of this phenomenon？"said Pangloss. "It must be the Day of Judgment," said Candide. The sailor, defying death in the pursuit of plunder,rushed into the midst of the ruin, where he found somemoney, with which he got drunk, and, after he had slepthimself sober he purchased the favors of the first good-natured wench that came in his way, amidst the ruins ofdemolished houses and the groans of half-buried and.
《伏尔泰讽刺小说：老实人》是伏尔泰的代表作。主人公老实人纯朴善良，头脑简单，寄居在森特一登·脱龙克男爵府上，信奉导师邦葛罗斯关于“世界尽善尽美”的哲学。老实人因和男爵的小姐居内贡自由恋爱，被男爵逐出家门，从此开始流浪生涯。其主题是批判盲目乐观主义哲学，小说中老实人及其意中人和他的老师最初觉得世界是完美的，一切人和一切事物都尽善尽美，但他们在遭遇一系列无妄之灾后，终于认识到这个世界并不完善，唯有劳动可以使人们免除烦恼、过错和欲望三大痛苦。文中还描写了一个政治清明、黄金遍地的黄金国。国中人人过着自由平等、快乐而富裕的生活，寄托了伏尔泰的政治理想。
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