通向可持续发展的亚洲
2010-11
科学出版社
本社 编
175
Since the 1960s, the ongoing fast growth in Asia has created the so-called "Asian Miracle', and hence the "Asian Development Model". However,this development model is now confronted with new challenges: q）Some Asiancountries are losing their comparative advantages. @This model has largelybeen achieved at the expense of resources and the environment, exacerbatingconflicts between economic development and environmental protection in Asia.@ Asian countries are faced with many global issues such as climate change. Theexterior environment for Asia has undergone significant changes since it suf-fered the Asian financial turmoil in 1997 and the global financial crisis in 2008.Fending off trade protectionism, boosting domestic demands and fostering newgrowth areas have become the top priorities for the Asian countries. For theAsian Development Model to maintain sustainable growth in the face of currentand future challenges, it is critical to introduce innovations for the transition toa green development model. Given these challenges, the Project of Sustainable Development in Asia（SDA） was approved by the Association of Academies of Sciences in Asia（AASA） in August 2007 and formally launched in February 2008. It aims tobring together the Academies of Sciences in Asia to address the commonissues on sustainable development of the region, including sustainable energydevelopment, sustainable use of resources, environmental protection, climatechange, cultural and social sustainability, and ultimately to provide decision-making advice and policy recommendations for the government agencies inAsia and relevant international or regional organizations. This project was initiated by AASA, involving the member academiesunder AASA. Since the inception of the project, it has organized fourinternational workshops, such as the First Workshop of AASA project ofSustainable Development in Asia （February 2008, Beijing, China）, Workshopon Sustainable Energy Development in Asia （November 2008, Beijing, China）,Workshop on Environment and Resources in Asia （September 2009, Izmir,Turkey）, and Workshop on Agricultural Culture and Sustainable Developmentin Asia （August 2009, Beijing, China）. The SDA project conducted studiesthrough thematic research, synthesis research and consultancy under the jointfunding of AASA, IAC, IAP and member academies of AASA.
This series of books are the output of the research project called “Sustainable Development in Asia (SDA)”, which was initiated by the Association of Academies of Sciences in Asia (AASA). They are comprised of one synthesis report, which entitled “Towards a Sustainable Asia: Green Transition and Innovation”, and four thematic reports on natural resources, energy, the environment and climate change, and culture from particular perspectives of agriculture. They aim to: 1) investigate common sustainability issues faced by all Asian countries, including population increase, poverty alleviation, pollution control, ecological restoration, as well as regional problems, such as water shortage in West and Central Asia, energy security in Northeast Asia, development model & transformation in East Asia; 2) analyze and summarize of best practices towards sustainable development in Asia; 3) bring forward suggestions and policy options for promoting green transition, system innovation and sustainable development of Asia. With best practice guidelines for a sustainable Asia, this series of reports, for the first time systematically address the common challenges and regional problems in regard to Asia’s natural resources use, pollution reduction and climate protection, sustainable energy development, and innovations for environment-friendly and culture-compatible agriculture. They will provide handy and useful information to researchers, government policy makers and the general public who have concerns about Asia’s sustainable development. AASA is a scientific and technological organization in Asia, established in 2000, comprising of 26 member academies all over Asia. Its vision is to provide a forum for the discussion of all issues relevant to science and technology development and its application on national level within Asia.
1 Asia's Economic Development and Rethinking on its Development Model 1.1 Asia's social and economic development 1.2 Asia's economic development model and its rethinkings References2 Environmental and Resources Problems and Sustainable Development in Asia 2.1 Fundamental characteristics of the environmental and resources problems in Asia 2.2 Major environmental and resources problems challenging the sustainable development in Asia References3 Drivers of Environmental Changes in Asia 3.1 Environmental changes and drivers in Asia 3.2 Analysis of drivers of environmental changes in Asia References4 Empirical Analysis of the Relations between Environment and Development in Asia 4.1 Analytical framework for the relations between environment and development 4.2 Empirical analysis of the evolution of the relations between Asia's environment and development 4.3 Resource consumption and environmental change in Asia 4.4 Conclusions on the evolution stages of the relation between environment and development in Asia References5 Green Transition and Innovation in Asia 5.1 Green transition is the realistic choice of Asia 5.2 Green innovation is crucial to achieve green development in Asia 5.3 Asia's favorable conditions for green development 5.4 Promoting green development in Asia: principles, strategic framework,focus and priorities 5.5 Policy recommendations on promoting green development in Asia ReferencesAppendix AAppendix B
Through the above-mentioned theories and empirical study, we cangenerally reach the following conclusions: （1） The relation between environment and development follows anevolution pattern in order of three inverted U-shaped curves. On a long term basis, with economic growth, technology change andpolicy incentives, the environmental impact generally follows a pattern ofevolution from a strong inverted U-shaped curve of environmental impactintensity, to an inverted U-shaped curve of per capita environmental impactand to an inverted U-shaped curve of the total environmental impact, which isalso the internal requirement of environmental sustainability. Due to the limiteddata availability and quality, this conclusion has just been partially proved bythe empirical research on the relevant environmental indicators of China, othermajor economies in Asia and even in the world （Chen et al., 2010; Liu et al.,2008; CAS Sustainable Development Strategy Study Group, 2009）. （2） The evolution process of environmental impact can be divided intofour stages and these stages are subject to different drivers. Based on the peak values of three inverted U-shaped curves, we candivide the evolution process into four stages: pre-peak or materialization stageof environmental impact intensity, stage between peak of environmental impactintensity and that of per capita environmental impact, stage between peak ofper capita environmental impact and that of total environmental impact, andstage of steady declining of total environmental impact. When the peak of percapita environmental impact coincides with that of the total environmentalimpact, the above four stages will then be changed into three stages, which canalso be seen as an exceptional case of the four stages. In general, the peak ofenvironmental impact intensity is easier to be transcended compared to that ofthe total environmental impact. ……
